The roots of psychoanalysis Flashcards
(25 cards)
In the 18th century what did people think of the mentally ill?
Reflects possession by evil spirits
Put on a show for the amusement of the public
Permanently in chains
Blood letting, malnutrition and ‘shock treatments’ common practice
What did Jonathan Joseph Gassner do?
Cured many illnesses through exorcism. Ensures the patient believes in the powers of Christ. Commands demons responsible for illness to leave the patient’s body.
What did Franz Anton Mesmer do?
He argued it was due to magnetic forces in his own body.
What did Philippe Pinel do?
One of the first to advocate the humane treatment of the mentally ill
What diseases was Jean-Martin Charcot responsible for identifying?
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson’s disease
Lou Gehrig’s disease
What was Charcot interested in?
Hysteria
What is hysteria?
Describes conditions characterised by physical symptoms that appear not to have a physical cause.
What was hysteria replaced with in 1980?
Somatoform and dissociative disorders
What did Charcot find out about why people had hysteria?
Patients with hysteria had traumatic experiences and speculated that memories of these might become dislodged from consciousness and ultimately manifest physically.
He began to experience with hypnosis
What did Joseph Breuer develop in 1880s?
The ‘talking cure’ (cathartic method) at the university of Vienna
What was the case of Anna O?
A 21 year old woman with various symptoms of hysteria. Through hypnosis Breuer searched for the memories of the first time the symptoms manifested (after the death of her father). Once the memory was bought to consciousness the symptoms disappeared.
Who created ‘Studies on Hysteria’?
Breuer and Feud (1895)
What did Breuer and Feud say in their book?
Painful memories of a traumatic event do not fade with time.
Traumatic memories remain unconscious by means of repression. The emotions cannot be repressed but can be displaced and thus manifest as symptoms.
Through therapy they bring the memory back so that it can be dealt with consciously.
What did the Topographical Theory of the Mind consist of?
Conscious
Pre-conscious
Unconscious
(1900)
What did the Structural Theory of the Mind consist of?
Superego
Ego
ID
(1920-1923)
What does the ID mean in Feud’s personality theory?
Pleasure principle
It seeks immediate gratification for basic needs
It operates entirely at an unconscious level
What does the Ego mean in Feud’s personality theory?
Our ‘self’
Reality principle
Seeks to coordinate the needs of ‘id’ with objects of satisfaction in reality.
The ‘id’ and ‘ego’ alone result in fairly primitive and animalistic behaviour.
What does the Superego mean in Feud’s personality theory?
Moral part of our personality that tells the ‘ego’ right from wrong.
The conscience gives rise to feelings of guilt for thoughts/activities that have been associated with ‘punishments’
The ego-ideal gives rise to positive feelings for thoughts/activities that have been associated with ‘praise’
What 3 sources of anxiety that the Ego has to deal with did Feud identify?
Objective anxiety (real threats from the environment)
Neurotic anxiety (the ‘id’ threatens to overwhelm the ‘ego’)
Moral anxiety (the threat of violating the principles of the ‘superego’)
Who developed the Psychosexual theory?
Feud
What did the Oral stage (1st) consist of?
(first year of life)
Pleasure comes through the lips/mouth
What did the Anal stage (2nd) consist of?
(second year of life)
Pleasure comes through learning to control bowel movements.
What did the Phallic stage (3rd) consist of?
(years 3-5)
Pleasure comes through the genital region
What did the latency stage (4th) consist of?
(6 years to puberty)
Sexual feelings are repressed and substituted with other activities.
