The second five year plan 1958-1962

Question 1

In how many years did Mao want to overtake Britain by?

Answer 1

15 years

Question 2

How much had industrial production risen by?

Answer 2

15.5%

Question 3

How much has agricultural production risen by?

Answer 3

3.8%

Question 4

What was the cautious pragmatic approach favoured by?

Answer 4

Favoured by Chen Yun and Zhou Enlai

Question 5

What was the cautious pragmatic approach?

Answer 5

Offer the peasants material incentives; higher prices and access to consumer goods

Question 6

What did the pragmatists hope to achieve?

Answer 6

Persuade the peasants to produce and sell more food

Question 7

What was the more radical approach?

Answer 7

To involve a propaganda campaign to encourage the peasants to works harder and the mass mobilisation of labour through communes

Question 8

What did Zhoul Enlai propose?

Answer 8

Capital construction investment be decreased from 18 to 14 billion

Question 9

What did Mao insist on?

Answer 9

2 billion yuan increased on the 18 billion

Question 10

What did Zhou Enlai do in September 1956?

Answer 10

Stressed that the party needed to take responsibility

Question 11

What was Mao’s speech in October 1957

Answer 11

At the third plenary of the 8th central committee - compared those that opposed rash advance to the GMD

Question 12

What happened in February 1958?

Answer 12

Responsibility for economic planning was transferred from gov to the communist party

Question 13

Why was Mao afraid of the Soviet Union

Answer 13

After the secret speech - saw this as a direct attack on himself

Question 14

What were the few successes of the plan?

Answer 14

Irrigation helped make land more fertile
Tianmen square was remodelled

Question 15

In January 1958 what did the ministry of metallurgy declare?

Answer 15

That it would more than double steel productions to 20 m tons by 1963 and 100 million tons by 1977

Question 16

What was the issue with Mao?

Answer 16

He let himself be convinced that the mobilisation of masses could overcome all pratical obstacles

Question 17

Why were backyard furnaces an issue?

Answer 17

Wood from furniture, doors and roofs were burnt to keep furnaces burning
The steel was poor quality and taken from previously useful tools

Question 18

By 1962 how much had industrial production declined by?

Answer 18

40%

Question 19

What did party officials demand?

Answer 19

Demanded greater results based on inflated figures which led to a demand in food and a nationwide famine

Question 20

Between 1958 and 1962 what amout of land was reduced?

Answer 20

9%

Question 21

Where was grain sent?

Answer 21

Sent abroad as a free gift due to false reports

Question 22

By 1962 what was the rural death rate?

Answer 22

26.68/100

Question 23

How many people died in Henan?

Answer 23

7.8 million people

Question 24

How many peopled die in Sichuan?

Answer 24

9 million

Question 25

How many people died in Tibet?

Answer 25

1 million

Question 26

What was the death rate in Anhui?

Answer 26

68.8

Question 27

How did the peasants react to the GLF?

Answer 27

Formed gangs and attacked grain reserves

Question 28

What did peasants resort to for food?

Answer 28

Scavenging for tree bark to make porridge Grinding leaves for flour Frogs, toads, worms and rats Canibalism

Question 29

Who were the most vulnerable?

Answer 29

Women, children and the elderly

Question 30

What did men do to their wives?

Answer 30

Sold them into prostitution to get the smallest amount of grain

Question 31

What was the flow of the yellow river reduced by?

Answer 31

2.3

Question 32

How many rivers in Shangdong dried up?

Answer 32

7/12

Question 33

How much of cultivated land was affected by drought/flood?

Answer 33

60%

Question 34

How many died through drowning?

Answer 34

2 million

Question 35

How did the Soviets indirectly contribute?

Answer 35

They recalled their economic and scientific advisors

Question 36

What happened in March 1959 in Tibet?

Answer 36

An uprising against Chinese rule - the Dalai Lama fled to India

Question 37

How many died in Tibet in the man-made famine?

Answer 37

25% of the 4 million people

Question 38

What happened to 20% of the population in Tibet?

Answer 38

Jailed and half died in prison

Question 39

When was the Lushan conference?

Answer 39

1959

Question 40

What did Pen Duhai say at the Lushan confrence?

Answer 40

Voiced doubts about the reports ot grain at 375 million tons

Question 41

Why was Pen Duhai concernd?

Answer 41

He had gonee to Henan and raised the issued of exaggerated reports

Question 42

How did Mao react to Pen Duhai?

Answer 42

Took is as a personal attack and accused Peng of forming a right opportunist clique

Question 43

What happened to Peng Duhai?

Answer 43

Stripped of his ministerial post and banned from the politburo Later he was attacked by red guards and tortured and imprisoned

Question 44

What did Mao admit about the GLF?

Answer 44

That backyard furnaces had been a catastrophe

Question 45

Who became the new head of state?

Answer 45

Liu Shaoqi

Question 46

Who became general secretary of the party

Answer 46

Deng Xiaoping

Question 47

When was the speech to 7000 cadres?

Answer 47

1962

Question 48

What happened at the speech of 7000 cadres?

Answer 48

Dismissed Mao's claim that success outweighed failures 30% natural causes 70% manmade

Question 49

What happened to communes?

Answer 49

They were scaled back and greater freedom for peasants was granted

Question 50

What were individual households now allowed to do?

Answer 50

Able to make their own decisions about what to grow and how much fertiliser to use and were allowed to trade on a free market

Question 51

How was industrial production changed?

Answer 51

To support agriculture with steel, wood and bamboo being used for producing hand tools, carts and boats

Question 52

Who were promoted?

Answer 52

Technical expertise and managers were given more control over state owned enterprises

Question 53

When was agricultural production back to 1957 levels?

Answer 53

1965

Question 54

What provided an incentive for peasants?

Answer 54

Private plots for the harder working, more experienced and entrepreneurial peasants

Question 55

By the end of 1962 what was avaliable?

Answer 55

Tools Boats Carts

Question 56

How much did light industry grow by each year?

Answer 56

27%

Question 57

How much did heavy industry grow by each year?

Answer 57

17%

Question 58

What was the level of consumer goods?

Answer 58

Double than 1957 levels

Question 59

In how many years did Moa want to overtake Britain by?

Answer 59

15 years

Question 60

Why did Mao launch the backyard furnaces?

Answer 60

It became apparent that steel production target of 10.7 million tons would not be met by existing methods

Question 61

In September 1948 how much of Steel came from backyard furnaces compared to October that same year?

Answer 61

14% - 49%

Question 62

How much of the population started working on backyard furnaces and stopped other means of production?

Answer 62

1/4

Question 63

How did backyard furnaces affect other areas of life?

Answer 63

Peasants abandoned farms/food production Schools were closed

Question 64

What happened in 1959 in regards to backyard furnaces

Answer 64

It was apparent that it was failing, was cut back but not abandoned so peasants continued smelting useless steel

Question 65

How were the backyard furnaces economically damaging?

Answer 65

Woodland was destroyed to provide fuel for furnaces Soil erosion Flooding

Question 66

What was the Three gate Gorge Dam?

Answer 66

Built to control the flow of the Yellow river and to reduce the damage caused by silt deposites

Question 67

Who was banned from the three gate gorge dam and why?

Answer 67

Foreign visitors because twice as much mud was being deposited downstream

Question 68

What cause salinisation?

Answer 68

Building of smaller-scale projects such as irrigation systems which then caused drainage issues

Question 69

What is salinisation?

Answer 69

Excessive salt build up in soil which reduces fertility

Question 70

What was the issue of these smaller-scale projects?

Answer 70

Reduced the productivity of the land

Question 71

When was expert Soviet advice welcomed?

Answer 71

If it could speed things up, any technical issues that threatened to cause delays were ignored

Question 72

What was constructed as a massive propaganda scheme?

Answer 72

Tiananmen square

Question 73

How was Shimantan reservoir built?

Answer 73

25,000 peasants and slave workers built it by hand and it was used to store water

Question 74

Why did many projects break?

Answer 74

They were made by hand and by unexeperienced workers

Question 75

What did the production of coal drop to between 1959 and 1962?

Answer 75

290 million tons - 180 millions tons

Question 76

What did the production of oil increase to between 1959 and 1962?

Answer 76

3.7 to 5.3

Question 77

What decreased between 1959 and 1962?

Answer 77

Cotton, coal and steel

Question 78

What was the approach of "left fallow"

Answer 78

That 1/3 of fields were to be not used as the government expected that storage facilities would not be big enough to hold the grain

Question 79

What was the claimed agricultural output in 1958 and what was the reality?

Answer 79

375 million tons claimed 215 million tons actual

Question 80

Why did the famine occur?

Answer 80

Falsified reports - the cadres would then take all the grain