The Sensory system Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Hvað er Myopia?
A
Nærsýni
2
Q
Sensory inputs to the seat of the pants feeling is
a) blood rushing to legs
b) subcutaneous pressure sensors and muscle activity sensors
A
b) subcutaneous pressure sensors and muscle activity sensors
3
Q
Hvað er presbyopia?
A
held þetta sé hrörnun sjónar með aldri. (Loss of the elasticity of the crystalline lens).
4
Q
The normal visual acuity allows discrimination of two different points under an angle of __ minute of arc
A
1
5
Q
If you reduce bank following a prolonged turn you can experience _______ illusion
A
somatogyral
6
Q
cones detect ____ vision and are sensitive to hypoxia.
A
color
7
Q
semicircular canals of the ears monitor ____ accelerations.
A
angular.
8
Q
Vertigo is the result of ____ effect
A
Coriolis
9
Q
Hvað getum við talað mörg orð á mínútu? En hlustað?
A
Getum hlustað á 500 orð á mínútu og talað 125 orð á mínútu.
10
Q
The vestibular apparatus consists of the semi-circular canals and the ____.
A
otoliths.
11
Q
The risk of getting spatial disorientation is growing when there is contradictory information between the ___ and the vestibular organs.
A
instruments.
12
Q
Rhodopsine is a chemical called ______ which is sometimes preseent in ____ cells
A
“visual purple”, present i rod cells.
13
Q
Hvað gerir rhodopsine?
A
Leyfir night vision
14
Q
Coriolis illusion happens when stimulating several ____ canals simultaneously.
A
semicircular
15
Q
Hvar eru semicircular canals?
A
inner ear
16
Q
The three coats of the eye are: Sclera, uvea og ____
A
retina.
17
Q
Ef þú ert í bíl sem er kjurr og ef það er annar bíll sem keyrir framhjá og þér finnst þú vera að hreyfast þá kallast það
a) illusion of relative movement
b) somato-gravic illusion
A
a) illusion of relative movement
18
Q
Glaucoma is
a) high intra-ocular pressure
b) disturbed adaption
A
a) high intra-ocular pressure
19
Q
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates sweating, arterial pressure, body temperature and the General ______
A
adaption syndrome.
20
Q
Which part of the inner ear is responsible for the perception of sound?
A
The cochlea
21
Q
The middle ear contains three ossicles, known as the __, __ and the __.
A
hammer, anvil and stirrup. They transmit vibration into the cochlea in the inner ear, where the soundwaves are pcked up by the sound receptors.
22
Q
Resonance of the body parts can result from:
a) vibrations from 1 - 100 Hz
b) angular velocity
A
a) vibrations from 1 - 100 Hz
23
Q
Hvort er rétt?
a) Rods are concentrated around the outer edges of the fovea
b) cones give the best visual acuity
A
b) cones give the best visual acuity
24
Q
The ____ passes information from sensory inputs to the CNS through sensory and motor nerves.
A
PNS
25
Disorientation is more likely to occur when the pilot is
a) flying in IMC
b) frequently changing between inside and outside references
c) flying from IMC into VMC
d) approaching over still water at night.
a) flying in IMC
b) frequently changing between inside and outside references - hélt að þú ættir nú að gera sem mest af þessu, weird.
d) approaching over still water at night.
26
The sense of balance comes from the _____ in the inner ear
vestibular system
27
the three semi circular canals detect _____ accelerations, while the saccule and utricle espond to ____ accelerations
angular, linear
28
Downward sloping runway, you feel..
you are too low -> adjust so you are too high (and therefore land too fast and long).
29
Upward sloping runway, you feel you are .... and the approach will be...
you are too high, approach will be steeper. (If you are too high you will need to approach steep so that's what you will do).
30
Er gasto-intestinal system involved in motion sickness?
Yes
31
Which two things cause the convergence of light rays onto the retina?
Cornea and Crystalline lens of the eye
32
The refractive power of the lens is variable from 16 - __
30D
33
The proprioceptors inform you about your ____ motion and ____ position of the bodyparts.
relative, relative
34
Sunglasses with variable filtration (phototrope glasses), hver er ókosturinn?
Dependance on ultra-violet light which the cockpit glass screens out.
35
Seat-of-the-pants sense fær sín inputs frá: subcutaneous pressure receptors and ____ activity sensors
muscle
36
When focusing on near objects the shape of the lens gets more ____.
spherical.
37
Hvað er hypermetropia og hvernig er það lagað?
fjarsýni, lagað með convex lense.
38
Which bends light the most?
a) The cornea
b) the lens
a) The cornea
39
The cerebellum acts as a reflex centre for the co-ordination of ____.
equilibrium.
40
The optic system of the eye consists of the cornea, lens and _____.
vitreous humour
41
Will the use of a flashlight impair night adaption?
yes
42
In presbyacusis, will you stop hearing low or high tones?
You lose perception of high tones first.
43
Smooth vision is achieved in the ____.
visual cortex.
44
The eye moves in short jerky movements called ____.
saccades.
45
How do neuronal signals travel along an axon and via the synapse?
a) Electrically along the axon, chemically via the synaptic gap.
b) Electrically both along the axon and via the synaptic gap.
a) Electrically along the axon, chemically via the synaptic gap.
46
Is apathy a sympton of motion sickness?
yes
47
The functional connection between the neurons of the nervous system is a structure called..
synapse
48
how is glaucoma detected?
By pressure testing the eye ball.
49
What illusion is involved in the "Graveyard spin"
Somatogyral illusion
50
The vestibular apparatus responds to linear/angular acceleration and ___.
gravity.
51
Hvernig er virkni Fovea um dag og svo nótt?
Best day vision but no night vision.
52
Er gastrointestinal system involved in the onset of motion sickness?
Nei
53
Hvað í auganu sér um acquisition of visual signal and encoding it into physiological data?
Retina
54
Er Retina "a coat of the eye"?
já
55
How to neurological signals travel along the synaptic gap? electrically/chemically?
chemically
56
Perception of depth at medium range is through the ___ vision.
binocular.
57
The ability of the lens to change it's shape is called adaption/accomodation?
accomodation
58
Sound waves are transferred from the outer ear to the inner ear by:
a) the cochlea
b) the ossicles
b) the ossicles
59
Shortsightedness means
a) Eyeball is too short
b) Persons will start experiencing problems at a later age with presbyopia than usual
c) persons need a convex lens for correction.
b) Persons will start experiencing problems at a later age with presbyopia than usual
"shortsighted? you wont you short-changed when you grow old"
60
Myopia is fixed with a ___ lens. The eyeball is too long/short
concave. Eyeball is too long.
61
The cupula in the semicircular canal will be sent when a rotation begins. This is because the fluid (endolymph) within the semicircular canal ____ the accelerated canal walls.
lags behind.
62
Vibrations can cause blureed vision. This is due to tuned resonance oscillations of the
a) eyeballs b) photosensitive cells c) optinc nerve
d) crystalline lens
a) eyeballs
63
The part of the eye that bends the light the most is the ___.
cornea.
64
The cornea is..
a) the lens of the eye
b) a clear portion of the eye where the light passes through
b) a clear portion of the eye where the light passes through
65
How can vertigo be prevented in conditions of good visibility?
looking approximately 5° to one side of an object
66
How much of our knowledge is acquired through hearing?
13%
67
Hvað tekur það langan tíma að ná adaptation í háu ljósi og svo dimmu?
hátt ljós: 10 sec
| dimmt: 30 min
68
Hvað af þessu getur valdið vertigo?
a) disease only b) accelerations
c) pressure changes d) flashing lights
allt
69
astigmatism is a condition caused by an _____ of the cornea of they eye
unequal curvature
70
Eru "proprioceptive senses" involved in motion sickness?
já
71
Hypoxia can affect night vision at approximately ___ ft.
5000
72
You come to a narrow runway to land. On reaching your destination there is a risk of performing a ___ approach with a under/overshoot
low approach, undershoot.
73
Pilot's vertigo:
a) is the sensation to keep a rotation after completing a turn
b) is the condition of dizziness and/or tumbling sensation caused by contradictory impulses to the central nervous system (CNS).
b) is the condition of dizziness and/or tumbling sensation caused by contradictory impulses to the central nervous system (CNS).
74
Hvað er autokinesis á mínu máli?
t.d. ef þú horfir á ljós lengi í myrkri, þá finnst þér það færast.
75
Flying a coordinated level turn will
a) make the body's pressure receptors feel an increased pressure along the body's vertical axis.
b) make the seat-of-the-pants sense feel a decreased pressure along the body's vertical axis.
a) make the body's pressure receptors feel an increased pressure along the body's vertical axis.
76
Kemur frá litlum flugvelli og á alþjóðaflugvöll sem er með breiðari braut, þú mun líklega lenda í að framkvæma ___ approach with an over/undershoot
high approach, overshoot.
77
Er það að nota sólgleraugu gott upp á lightnings in thunderstorms?
já, það virðist nú vera komið sem rétt svar í AE.
78
Hvað þarftu mikinn hávaða í dB svo þú farir að finna sársauka?
140 db
79
Presbyopia er aldurstengd fjarsýni eða nærsýni?
fjarsýni. (Mundu bara að eldra fólk er oft með lesgleraugu).
80
Hvað gæti þessi verið að hrjást af? apathy, pallor, hyperventilation, nausea, salivation, cold sweats?
motion sickness
81
At which altitude (within the "indifferent zone") may degradation of night vision occur?
a) From approximately 1500m
b) 5000m - 7000m
a) From approximately 1500m
82
Autokinesis can give the pilot the impression that
a) the aircraft is climbing
b) a star is another aircraft
b) a star is another aircraft
83
The nervous system cells are capable of
a) slow generalized activity
b) efficient and rapid activity
c) both
c) both
84
Sound waves are transferred from the outer ear to inner ear by the
ossicles
85
What do the ossicles consist of?
hammer, anvil, stirrup
86
The cones are located in the central part of the
retina
87
Telst "ruptured tympanic membrane" vera conductive hearing loss? En damange to the auditory nerve?
Já, nei
88
Skiptir frequency of noise máli upp á damaging effects of noise?
já
89
Is the central vision very active both during day and night?
no
90
The central vision represents a zone where about 150,000 ___ per mm are located to give high resolution capacity.
cones
91
The seat-of-the-pants sense is including receptors in the muscles, ___ and joints sensitive to the position and movement of body parts.
tendons
92
Describe the principle of information transfer along the axon of neurons.
a) charged molecules move along the axon towards the synapse
b) Electrons move along the axon towards the cell body.
a) charged molecules move along the axon towards the synapse
93
Is glaucoma characterized by disturbed light adaption?
já
94
The organ that transfers vibrations to nerve impulses in your ear is called..
the cochlea
95
How should you scan for other traffic at night? Look to the side of the object and scan ___.
slowly.
96
Vibrations can cause blurred vision. This is due to tuned resonance oscillations of the
a) crystalline lens
b) eyeballs
b) eyeballs
97
What does the proprioceptive system do? Reacts to sensation from pressure on skin, joints and muscles and senses the _____ that have led to the term seat-of-the-pants flying.
movement
98
Presbyopia causes a:
a) decrease of accomodation
b) mis-shaped cornea
a) decrease of accomodation
99
Shortsightedness means
a) Person will start experiencing problems at a later age with presbyopia than usual
b) Person needs a convex lens for correction
a) Person will start experiencing problems at a later age with presbyopia than usual
100
Light bleaches out visual purple (rhodopsine). For night vision to take place, visual purple must build up in the ___.
rods.
101
Presbyopia causes the lens to ___
harden
102
Illusion created by strong forward linear acceleration
a) oculogyral or leans
b) somatogravic or oculogravic
b) somatogravic or oculogravic
103
What is the name of the error that occurs when you accelerate forward and feel you have a nose-high attitude?
Oculogravic illusion
104
Þú kemur af stórum velli yfir á lítin völl (grönn flugbraut), þú getur lent í að taka low/high approach with under/overshoot
low approach, undershoot.
105
Orientation in flight is accomplished by
a) eyes b) utriculus and sacculus
c) semicircular canals d) seat-of-the-pants sense
Allt
Utriculus and sacculus: Hluti af vestibular system
106
Which is the audible range to human hearing?
a) between 20 MHz and 20,000 MHz
b) Between 20 Hz and 20 kHz
b) Between 20 Hz and 20 kHz
107
Defective vision can appear in the form of the optical image forming in front of the retina. Þetta er
a) suffers from cataract
b) Short sighted
b) Short sighted
108
Hvað er þetta? "Is the light-sensitive inner lining of the eye containing the photoreceptors essential for vision"
Retina of the eye
109
Ruptured tympanic membrane, telst þetta conductive hearing loss?
já
