The Seventeenth Century Flashcards
Where did the French regime in Canada begin?
Quebec city was the first settlement that Champlain established.
“Quebec” means “the spot where the river narrows”
In 1608 – this is the birth of the French regime which lasts until 1763 (Over 150 years)
What is a key part of France’s regime in Canada?
Alliances with the indigenous peoples there.
Champlain allies himself with the Innu and the Algonquin (who are two very closely tied bands) when he joins a raiding party on the Mohawk.
Champlain partook in “exchange programs”.
He also allies himself with the Wendat by supporting their war against the Anishinaabe.
Compare English vs. French Settlements in the Early 17th century (1620).
French – looking for business opportunities and basically live there out of necessity to maintain relationships with the Indigenous peoples
The Dutch functions very similarly
The English – Seek settlement, they send lots of people over to live permanently. They want to farm the lands.
Who is the Company of 100 Associates?
“Company of 100 Associates”
Cardinal Richelieu chartered this company to increase settlement in New France to compete more closely with how much the English were settling
- granted a monopoly over all commercial activity in New France
- Starts wth 100 shareholders of which he is the min shareholder
- Company is also granted all of the land in New France
- Basically they want to grant New France the new colony
- In return, the Company says they will bring 4000 new settlers to the area
- they also focus largely on conversions & send priests (Jesuits & Ursulines) to live with Indigenous groups to try to lead them to converting.
Discuss the founding of Montreal.
- Montreal was intended to be a Model Christian community
- Meant to be a beacon to Indigenous peoples
- Interacting with Indigenous people introduced French catholic people to different ways of thinking
- This sparks the French enlightenment where many people questions the very base of their society
Discuss the dispersal of the Wendat.
seen as perhaps the most significant event in seventeenth-century Canadian history
During the fur trade, the Wendat were allies of the French and enemies of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois).
Following a series of 17th century armed conflicts, the Wendat were dispersed by the Haudenosaunee in 1650.
The conflict - Haudenosaunee had been in civil war for a long time so they decide to create one federacy. The Wendat are invited to join the federacy and they say “no,” instead forming their own federacy. The two federacies fight over many things including monopolizing the fur trade. Mid-17th century the Haudenosaunee Confederacy launch a large-scale attack meant to eliminate their Wendat rivals. The Haudenosaunee win and the Wendat disperse or join.
This is a big deal because the Wendat were one of the French’s biggest allies, and the Haudenosaunee turn their anger towards the French.
Resolved with the Great Peach of Montreal - a peace treaty in 1701 signed by the Haudenosaunnee, Algonquins, and the French. This settles almost 200 years of conflict & makes the British very uncomfortable, fearing that further allieship could put their settlements in danger
How/when/why did New France become a colony?
King Louis XIV takes the throne and wants to expedite expansion in the New World to take land away from England. He dismantles the Company of 100 Associates and makes New France into a Colony (1663). Before this New France had been seen as a business, it is now a colony.
What was the religious hierarchy in New France (in most of it’s early years)?
Roman Catholic = good
Protestant = bad
Leaders often seeked to make a “truly christian” colony, town, or settlement by prioritizing Roman Catholic settlement over protestant settlement (sometimes barring protestants from settling at all)
What is Mercantilism?
Money only flows into France. (or the metropole). Most identifiable in 17th century. Colonies can also only trade with metropole.
Export resources from New France to France, build in New France, import finished products back in
