The Shoulder Region

Question 1

Axilla borders

Answer 1

• pec. Minor and major form anterior axillary wall
• subscapularis,Lats, teres major form posterior axillary wall
• lateral thoracic wall and serratus anterior form the medial wall
• humerus of the arm forms lateral wall
• axillary fascia and skin from the lateral thoracic wall and the upper arm make up the floor
• the roof

Question 2

What makes up the apex

Answer 2

Formed by the cervicoaxillary canal.

Narrow space between the clavicle and the first rib

Question 3

Contents of the axillary

Answer 3

• axilla artery and its branches
• axillary vein and its tributaries
• axillary lymph node and vessels
• cords and terminal nerves of brachial plexus

Question 4

What is the glenohumeral joint

Answer 4

• ball and socket synovial joint
• between the shallow glenioid cavity and the humerus
• composed of fibrous capsule, ligaments of the joint, synovial membrane, and 3 large bursae

Question 5

Glenoid labrum

Answer 5

Rim of fibrous cartilage attached to the Glenoid cavity that deepens the articular surface

Question 6

Glenohumeral dislocation of the humerus cause and damage

Answer 6

• rotator cuff muscles stabilize joint superiorly
• coracohumeral,capsular ligament and coracoacromial arch offer limited inferior support–90% dislocations inferior
• can damage the axillary nerve

Question 7

Glenohumeral ligament

Answer 7

• superior, middle, lateral

- attaches humerus head to Glenoid cavity

Question 8

Coracohumeral ligament

Answer 8

• Superior to glenohumeral ligament

- Between coracoid process of scapula to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus

Question 9

Coracromial ligament

Answer 9

• btwn coracoid process and acromion process

- prevents superior dislocation of the humerus

Question 10

Subtendinous bursa of the subscapularis

Answer 10

• Anterior of the GH joint.
• btwn tendon of the subscapularis and neck of the scapula.
• communicates with synovial cavity

Question 11

Subacromial bursa

Answer 11

• superior to GH joint

- Under the coracoacromial ligament and above supraspinatus tendon and GH joint capsule.

Question 12

Subdeltoid bursa

Answer 12

• lateral to GH joint
• Deep to deltoid muscle and above the subscapularis tendon.
• communicates with subacromional bursa

Question 13

deltoid

Origin

Answer 13

Clavicular: lateral 1/3 of clavicle.
Acromial: acromion
Spinal: scapular spine.

Question 14

Deltoid

Insertion

Answer 14

Deltoid tuberosity on the Humerus

Question 15

Deltoid innervation

Answer 15

Axillary nerve (C5-6)

Question 16

Deltoid action

Answer 16

Clavicular: fled ion, internal rotation, adduction
Acromial: abduction.
Spinal: extension, external rotation, adduction.

Question 17

Supraspinatus origin

Answer 17

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Question 18

Supraspinatus insertion

Answer 18

The anterior facet of the Greater tuberosity of the humerus

Question 19

Supraspinatus innervation

Answer 19

Suprascapular nerve C5-6

Question 20

Supraspinatus action

Answer 20

Abduction (first 15 degrees, deltoid then takes over)

Question 21

Infraspinatus origin

Answer 21

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Question 22

The axilla

Answer 22

-passageway for neurovascular structures btwn trunk and upper limb

Question 23

Infraspinatus insertion

Answer 23

Medial facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus

Question 24

Infraspinatus innervation

Answer 24

Suprascapular nerve(C4-6)

Question 25

Infraspinatus action

Answer 25

External rotation

Question 26

Teres minor origin

Answer 26

Scapula lateral border

Question 27

Teres minor insertion

Answer 27

Inferior facet of the Greater tuberosity of the humerus

Question 28

Teres minor innervation

Answer 28

Axillary nerve C5-6

Question 29

Teres minor action

Answer 29

External rotation, weak adduction

Question 30

Subscapularis origin

Answer 30

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Question 31

Subscapularis insertion

Answer 31

Lesser tuberosity of the humerus

Question 32

Subscapularis Innervation

Answer 32

Subscapular nerve (C5-6)

Question 33

Subscapularis action

Answer 33

Internal rotation

Question 34

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 34

Supra/infra spinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Question 35

Pectoralis major origin

Answer 35

Clavicular: clavicle medial half Sternocostal: sternum and costal cartilages 1-6 Abdominal part: rectus sheath anterior layer

Question 36

Pectoralis major insertion

Answer 36

Crest of the Greater tubercle on the humerus

Question 37

Pectoralis major innervation

Answer 37

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve (C5-T1)

Question 38

Pectoralis major action

Answer 38

Entire muscle: adduction and internal rotation. Clavicular and Sternocostal: flexion and respiration when shoulder is fixed

Question 39

Teres major origin

Answer 39

Inferior angle of the scapula

Question 40

Teres major insertion

Answer 40

Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 41

Teres major innervation

Answer 41

Lower subscapular nerve (C5-7)

Question 42

Teres major action

Answer 42

Internal rotation, adduction, extension

Question 43

Lats origin

Answer 43

Vertebral: T7-12 spinous processes and Thoracolumbar fascia Scapular: inferior angle Costal: 9-12 ribs Iliac; posterior 3rd

Question 44

Lats insertion

Answer 44

Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 45

Lats innervation

Answer 45

Thoracodorsal C6-8

Question 46

Lats action

Answer 46

Internal rotation, adduction, extension, respiration

Question 47

Coracobrachialis origin

Answer 47

Coracoid process of scapula

Question 48

Coracobrachialis insertion

Answer 48

Humerus in line with the crest of the lesser tubercle

Question 49

Coracobrachialis innervation

Answer 49

Musculocutaneous nn C5-7

Question 50

Coracobrachialis action

Answer 50

Flexion, adduction, internal rotation.

Question 51

Scapular notch

Answer 51

Limited superiorily by superior transverse ligament. Deep to supraspinatus. Suprascapular nerve passes below the ligament and suprascapular artery passes above it.

Question 52

Quadrangular space boundaries and contents

Answer 52

Long head of tricep, the humerus, teres major and minor. Contents: posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerves

Question 53

Triangle space boundaries and contents

Answer 53

Long head of the triceps and the teres major and minor muscles. Contents: circumflex scapular artery

Question 54

Triceps hiatus

Answer 54

Between the long and lateral heads of the triceps and inferior to teres major. Contents: radial nerve and deep brachial artery.

Question 55

Ligaments of the shoulder (GH joint)

Answer 55

coracohumeral, Glenohumeral, and coracoacromial ligaments. 3 large bursae and a fibrous capsule