The Skeletal and Muscular System

Question 1

What connects bone to bone?

Answer 1

Ligament

Question 2

What does a tendon do?

Answer 2

Connects muscle to bone

Question 3

What does the sagittal plane do?

Answer 3

Splits the body into left and right

Question 4

What movements are possible in the sagittal plane?

Answer 4

Flexion, extension, dorsi-flexion and plantar flexion

Question 5

What does the frontal plane do?

Answer 5

Splits the body into front and back

Question 6

What movements are possible in the frontal plane?

Answer 6

Abduction and adduction

Question 7

What does the transverse plane do and what movements are possible?

Answer 7

Horizontal flexion and horizontal extension

Question 8

Which joints are hinge joints?

Answer 8

Elbow, knee, ankle

Question 9

What are the 2 ball and socket joints?

Answer 9

Shoulder and hip

Question 10

What type of joint is the wrist?

Answer 10

Condyloid

Question 11

Define agonist

Answer 11

A muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

Question 12

What is an antagonist?

Answer 12

A muscle that opposes the agonist

Question 13

What is a muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another causes movement?

Answer 13

Fixator

Question 14

What is the agonist and antagonist for flexion at the wrist?

Answer 14

Agonist: wrist flexors
Antagonist: wrist extensors

Question 15

Name the agonist and antagonist for flexion at the elbow

Answer 15

Agonist: bicep brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii

Question 16

Agonist and antagonist for flexion at the shoulder

Answer 16

Agonist: anterior deltoid
Antagonist: posterior deltoid

Question 17

Agonist and antagonist for flexion at the hip

Answer 17

Agonist: Illiopsoas
Antagonist: Gluteus maximus

Question 18

Agonist and antagonist for knee extension

Answer 18

Agonist: Rectus femoris (quadriceps)
Antagonist: Biceps femoris (hamstrings)

Question 19

Agonist and antagonist for plantar flexion

Answer 19

Agonist: Gastrocnemius and soleus
Antagonist: Tibialis anterior

Question 20

List the hamstring muscles

Answer 20

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

Question 21

List the quadriceps muscles

Answer 21

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

Question 22

What is isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 22

Muscle contraction where no movement is produced. The muscles do not change in size.

Question 23

What is isotonic muscle contraction?

Answer 23

Muscle contraction where the muscle changes in size either concentrically or eccentrically to produce movement

Question 24

What is the difference between concentric muscle contraction and eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 24

Concentric - Contraction where the muscles shorten in size. Goes against gravity.
Eccentric - Contraction where the muscles lengthen in size. Goes with gravity.

Question 25

What is a motor unit?

Answer 25

A motor unit and the muscle fibres it is attached to

Question 26

What is a synapse?

Answer 26

A gap between two neurones

Question 27

What is the all-or-none law?

Answer 27

All muscle fibres will either be contracting or not activated at all if a threshold is reached

Question 28

What are the stages of nervous stimulation of a motor unit?

Answer 28

1. Impulse released 2. Impulse travels to synaptic cleft 3. Acetylcholine secreted into synaptic cleft 4. Impulse travels across the gap 5. Muscle fibres will contract in an 'all or none' way if a threshold is reached

Question 29

What are type 1 muscle fibres?

Answer 29

Slow oxidative. Purely aerobic.

Question 30

What are type 2a muscle fibres?

Answer 30

Fast oxidative glycolytic. Predominantly anaerobic but have the ability to become aerobic with training

Question 31

What are type 2b muscle fibres?

Answer 31

Fast glycolytic. Purely anerobic.

Question 32

Talk about the neuron size of each muscle fibre

Answer 32

SO: Small FOG: Large FG: Large

Question 33

Talk about the amount of capillaries in each muscle fibre

Answer 33

SO: Many FOG: Many FG: Few

Question 34

Talk about the myoglobin content of each muscle fibre

Answer 34

SO: High FOG: Moderate FG: Low

Question 35

Talk about mitochondria content or each muscle fibre

Answer 35

SO: High FOG: Moderate FG: Low

Question 36

Talk about the glycogen stores of each muscle fibre

Answer 36

SO: Low FOG: High FG: High

Question 37

Talk about the PC stores of each muscle fibre

Answer 37

SO: Low FOG: High FG: High

Question 38

Talk about the speed of contraction of each muscle fibre

Answer 38

SO: Slow FOG: Fast FG: Fast

Question 39

Talk about the force of contraction of each muscle fibre

Answer 39

SO: Low FOG: High FG: High

Question 40

Talk about fatigue resistance of each muscle fibre

Answer 40

SO: High FOG: Moderate FG: Low