The Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Bones
A
Act as the framework for the body, protect the internal organs, and store calcium
2
Q
Bone Marrow
A
Red bone marrow helps form red blood cells. Yellow bone marry stores fat.
3
Q
Cartilage
A
Creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints and protects the ends of the bones
4
Q
Joints
A
Work with the muscles to make a variety of motions possible
5
Q
Ligaments
A
Connect one bone to another
6
Q
Synovial Membrane
A
Forms the lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid
7
Q
Synovial Fluid
A
Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible
8
Q
Bursa
A
Cushions areas subject to friction during movement
9
Q
Ankyl/o
A
Crooked, bent, stiff
10
Q
Arthr/o
A
Joint
11
Q
Burs/o
A
Bursa
12
Q
Chondr/i, chondr/o
A
Cartilage
13
Q
Cost/o
A
Rib
14
Q
Crani/o
A
Skull
15
Q
-desis
A
To bind or tie together
16
Q
Kyph/o
A
Bent or hump
17
Q
Lord/o
A
Curve, swayback bent
18
Q
-lysis
A
Setting free or loosening
19
Q
Myel/o
A
Bone marrow, spinal cord
20
Q
Oss/e, Oss/i, Ost/o, Oste/o
A
Bone
21
Q
Scoli/o
A
Curved, bent
22
Q
Spondyl/o
A
Vertebrae, vertebral columb, backbone
23
Q
Synovi/o, Synov/o
A
Synolvial memberane, synolival fluid
24
Q
Acetabulum
A
The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket
25
Allogenic
Originating within another
26
Ankylosing spondylitis
A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
27
Arthrodesis
The surgical fusion of the bones to stiffen a joint
28
Arthrolysis
The surgical loosening of an akylosed joint
29
Arthroscopy
The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
30
Autologous
Originating within the individual
31
Avascular necrosis
An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
32
Chondromalacia
The abnormal softening of cartilage
33
Comminuted fracture
A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
34
Compression fracture
Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself
35
Costochondritis
An inflammation of the cartilage thaf connects a rib to the sternum
36
Craniostenosis
A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures
37
Crepitation
The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
38
Dual x-ray absoptiometry
A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density
39
Gout
A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints
40
Hallux valgus
An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also knkwn as a bunion
41
Hemarthrosis
Blood within a joint
42
Hemopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
43
Internal fixation
A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place
44
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue
45
Kyphosis
An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager's hump
46
Laminectomy
The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra
47
Lordodis
An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback
48
Lumbargo
Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; also known as low back pain
49
Malleolus
The rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
50
Manubrium
The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
51
Metacarpals
The five bones that form the palms of the hand
52
Metatarsals
The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes attach
53
Myeloma
A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow
54
Open fracture
A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture
55
Orthopedic surgeon
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist
56
Orthotic
A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for the impaired limb function
57
Osteitis
Inflammation of a bone
58
Osteoarthritis
The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis
59
Osteochondroma
A benign bony projection covered with cartilage
60
Osteoasis
The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
61
Oseteomalacia
Abnormal softening of bones in adults
62
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
63
Osteopenia
Thinner than average bone density
64
Osteoporosis
A marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging
65
Osteoporotic hip fracture
A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as a result of a fall
66
Osteorrhaphy
Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones
67
Paget's disease
A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation
68
Pathologic fracture
When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer
69
Percutaneous vertebroplasty
A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the bone
70
Periostitis
An inflammation of the periosteum
71
Podiatrist
A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
72
Polymyalgia rheumatica
An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by the pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs
73
Prosthesis
A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated
74
Rheumatoid arthritis
A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of the body systems are attacked
75
Rickets
A deficiency disease occuring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D
76
Scoliosis
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
77
Spina bifida
A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
78
Spiral fracture
A fracture in which the bone has twisted apart
79
Spondylolisthesis
The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
80
Spondylosis
A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; also known as spinal osteoarthritis
81
Subluxation
The partial displacement of a bone from its joint
82
Synovectomy
The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
83
Verebrae
The bony structural units of the spinal column
84
Periosteum
The tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
85
Compact bone (cortial bone)
The dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. When measured by weight, compact bone accounts for more than 75% of the body's bone matter
86
Spongy bone (cancellous bone)
Is porous (sponge-like), which makes it lighter and weaker than the compact bone. Red bone marrow is often located in spongy bone
87
Medullary cavity
The central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone. It is here that red and yellow bone marrow are stored.
88
Endosteum
The tissue that lines the medullary cavity
89
Hemopoietic / hematopoietic
Means pertaining to the formation of blood cells
90
Diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone
91
Epiphyses
The wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs. Each epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage to protecr it.
92
Proximal epiphysis
The end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body
93
Distal epiphydud
The end of the bone located farthest away from the midline of the body
94
Foramen
An opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass pass
95
Process
A normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.
96
Joints (articulations)
The place of union between two or more bones. Joints are classified either according to their construction or based on the degree of movement they allow
97
Fibrous Joint (sutures)
Consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together. In adults theh do not allow any movement. In newborns and very young children some fibrous joints are movable before theh solidify
98
Fontanelles
Soft spots, facilitate the passage through the birth canal and allow for the growth of the skull during the first year. It gradually hardens
99
Cartilaginous joints
Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.
100
Synovial joint
Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions
101
Ball and socket joints
Such as the hips and shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions.
102
Hinge joints
Such as the knees and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane
103
Synovial capsule
The outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint
104
Synovial membrane
Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
105
Synovial fluid
Flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible
106
Ligaments
Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage. Complex hinge joints, such as the knee
107
How many bones are typically in an adult human skeleton?
206
108
Axial skeleton
Protects the major argans of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
109
Appendicular skeleton
Makes movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction
110
Upper extremities
Shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands
111
Lower extremities
Hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet
112
Appendage
Anything that is attached to a major part of the body
113
Extremity
Ths terminal end of a body part su h as an arm or leg
114
The 14 bones of the cranium
Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
External auditorium meatus
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
115
Cranium
The portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain
116
Frontal bone
The anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead. This bone houses the frontsl sinuses and forms the roof of the ethmoid sinuses, the nose and part of the socket that protects the eye ball
117
Patietal bones
Two of the largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of the roof abd upper sides of the cranium
118
Occipital bone
Forms the back part of the skull Nd the base of the cranium
119
The two temporal bones
Form the sides and base of the cranium
120
External auditory meatus
The opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
121
Meatus
The external opening of a canal
122
Sphenoid bone
An irregular, wedge shaped bone of the skull. This bone makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the eye socket
123
Auditory Ossicles
The three tiny bones located in each middle ear. Known as the malleus, incus, and stapes
124
How many bones is the face made up of?
14
125
Thoracic cavity
The rib cage, protects the heart and lungs. It consists of the ribs, sternum, and upper portion of the spinal column extending from the neck to the diaphragm, but not including the arms
126
Ribs known as costals
Attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae
