The Skeletal System

Question 1

Hemopoiesis

Answer 1

Occurs in the red bone marrow

Question 2

Triglyceride storage

Answer 2

Where we make adipocytes in YELLOW bone marrow

Question 3

Red bone marrow VS. Yellow bone marrow

Answer 3

Red bone marrow is to there to make stem cells for blood and yellow bone marrow is going to be storage of fat

Question 4

Red Bone Marrow- Hemopoiesis

Answer 4

The red bone marrow is going to be the place where Hemopoiesis takes place, red bone marrow contains stem cells they undergo mitosis

Question 5

Yellow bone Marrow

Answer 5

Found in shaft of the bone, Lipid Storage

Question 6

Short, flat, and i irregular bones, composed, mainly of inner SPONGY bone with outer layer of COMPACT bone. Spongy bone is also located at the EPIPHYSES of long bones.

Answer 6

Some spongy bone are filled with RED BONE MARROW this is to allow for hemetopoisis or the production of blood cells to occur.

Question 7

Bones hardness…

Answer 7

Dependson the crystallized inorganic mineral salts, if you remove the mineral salts from bone it is rubbery

Question 8

Calcification

Answer 8

The process of this crystallization of the mineral salts in order to cause those cells to bindand build together this gives the hardness

Question 9

Bone flexibility…

Answer 9

Comes from the collagen fibers The bones flex, before they actually break

Question 10

Osteoprogenitor (or Osteogenic) Cells

Answer 10

Stem cells, undergo mitosis, they produce osteoblasts, inner layer of periosteum

Question 11

Osteoblasts

Answer 11

Not cable of mitosis, bone builders, initiate calcification, blasts will be walled Off. MAKES THE MATRIX

Question 12

Osteocytes

Answer 12

Found in lacunae, there to maintain the area. MAINTAINS THE MATRIX.

Question 13

Osteoclasts

Answer 13

The bone destroying cells break apart the calcium and release it back to the blood

Question 14

Osteoporosis

Answer 14

The amount of bone breaking down should equal the amount of bone building up. The problem is whenever the OSTEOCLASTS start to tear down bone faster than the BLASTS can build.

Question 15

Bone Deposition

Answer 15

Associated with osteoblasts on the periosteum side of the bone.

Question 16

Bone resorption

Answer 16

Associated with the osteoclasts in endosteum part of the bone the inside

Question 17

Periosteum

Answer 17

The bone covering, a thin layer, this is made of dense connective tissue on the outside and the osteogenic layer on the inside

Question 18

Compact Bone. →

Answer 18

Outer portion, composed of osteons

Question 19

Osteon

Answer 19

Run parallel to the diaphysis, has the lacunae in the middle

Question 20

Lamallae

Answer 20

Calcified matrix, concentric lamallae: goes around the osteon, interstitial lamellae: oldest, fills in spaces around osteon,circumferential lamellae: goes all theway around the bone

Question 21

Lacunae

Answer 21

Space within the lamellae, where the osteocyte is going to be found.

Question 22

Osteocyte

Answer 22

The mature blood cell

Question 23

Canaliculi

Answer 23

Connects one lacunae to the next

Question 24

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

Answer 24

Will run transverse, connect to the central canals

Question 25

Central (Haversian) canals

Answer 25

Run parallel up and down with the octeons contain blood and lymph vessels and nerves

Question 26

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Answer 26

Contains red bone marrow, protected by compact bone

Question 27

trabeculae

Answer 27

Thin columns of lamellae arranged in irregular patterns

Question 28

Bone formation (AKA osteogenesis)

Answer 28

Ossification: process by which bone forms, interstitial and appositional growth, repair of bone fractures

Question 29

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 29

Occurs in flat bones of skull, form in a sheet

Question 30

Fontanel'S

Answer 30

"Soft spots"in newborn skulls, intramembranous ossification has not been completed.

Question 31

Endochondral ossification

Answer 31

Process used to produce the majority of the other bones from cartilage (long bones)

Question 32

Interstitial growth

Answer 32

Adds length to the bone this going is to happen at those epiphyseal or growth plates

Question 33

Appositional growth

Answer 33

Add thickness or girth to the bones

Question 34

Calcitonin promotes...

Answer 34

Bone deposition (osteoblasts) increases the uptake of calcium into the bone, decreases calcium in blood

Question 35

PTH promotes...

Answer 35

Bone resorption (osteoclasts), decrease calcium in the bone, increase calcium in the blood

Question 36

Osteoporosis

Answer 36

Spongy bone is affected first, affects woman more at a higher risk especially after they have gone through menopausal