The Skeleton

Question 1

What are the two types of connective tissue that the skeleton is made up of?

Answer 1

Bone and cartilage

Question 2

What 4 main functions does the skeleton provide?

Answer 2

Protection, forming the mechanical basis of movement, haemopoesis and storage of salts

Question 3

What is haemopoesis?

Answer 3

Erythrocytes and B lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow

Question 4

What is a misconception about bone?

Answer 4

It is a highly vascular living tissue, it is not dead

Question 5

What are the two types of mature (Haversian) bone?

Answer 5

Compact and spongy

Question 6

Describe compact bone?

Answer 6

Strong, dense

Question 7

Describe spongy bone?

Answer 7

Less dense, with numerous air spaces and forms the core of most bones expect when replaced by a medullary cavity

Question 8

What can a spongy bone also be referred to as?

Answer 8

Cancellous bone

Question 9

What is good about having spongy bones?

Answer 9

Enables movement

Question 10

What are parts of the skeleton called that are not formed by bone?

Answer 10

Cartilage

Question 11

What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

Answer 11

Isn’t as strong but is more flexible, doesn’t contain blood or nerve supply

Question 12

What does cartilage rely on?

Answer 12

Diffusion to obtains nutrients and oxygen

Question 13

What is the most common type of cartilage?

Answer 13

Hyaline cartilage

Question 14

Where is hyaline cartilage present?

Answer 14

As articulate cartilage joints and in the respiratory system

Question 15

Where is hyaline cartilage found in the respiratory system?

Answer 15

In the rings of cartilage around the trachea

Question 16

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 16

In articular discs within joints in intervertebral discs and also around the edge of ball and socket joints

Question 17

What is the difference between fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage?

Answer 17

Fibrocartilage is tougher

Question 18

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

Answer 18

In external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis and parts of the larynx

Question 19

What does the axial skeleton include?

Answer 19

All the bones along the body’s long axis

Question 20

What bones are included in the axial skeleton?

Answer 20

Skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage

Question 21

What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 21

Limbs and girdles, bones that attach to the end of the something else

Question 22

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 22

A disease of ageing characterised by a decrease in bone mass and bone strength

Question 23

What can happen if you have decreases bone mass?

Answer 23

Increases the risk of fractures as the bones become more brittle

Question 24

What happens to blood vessels after a fracture or break?

Answer 24

Blood vessels in and around the bone rupture and bleed

Question 25

What happens if the Broken parts are in contact or close proximity?

Answer 25

The clot formed calcifies to become a callus which joins the pieces together which is remodels to resemble the shape of the original bone

Question 26

What happens if the neck of femur is broken or fractures?

Answer 26

It cannot be repaired by callus the whole joint needs to be replaced

Question 27

Describe necrotic?

Answer 27

Dead tissue, often due to trauma or disease

Question 28

What is osteomalacia?

Answer 28

Soft bones, often caused by vitamin D deficiency

Question 29

Where is the head of femur located?

Answer 29

The most proximal part of the femur

Question 30

What is the neck of femur?

Answer 30

Joins the head of the femur to the shaft of the femur