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Dermatology > The skin and systemic disease > Flashcards

The skin and systemic disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the cutaneous manifestations of diabetes?

A

Granuloma annulare

Necrobiosis lipoidica

Fungal and bacterial infections

Leg ulcers

Diabetic dermopathy

Acanthosis Nigricans

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2
Q

Who does granuloma annulare most commonly affect?

A

Diabetics who are:

children

and

young adults

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of granuloma annulare?

A

Mainly only the cosmetic appearance

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4
Q

Where are granuloma annulare generally found?

A

Extremities - hands and feet

there can be multiple lesions

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5
Q

Where are necrobiosis lipoidica lesions generally found?

A

The shin (there can be multiple lesions)

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6
Q

What is a particular issue with necrobiosis lipoidica?

A

They ulcerate after minor trauma

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7
Q

What are the cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease?

A

Graves’ disease causes pretibial myxoedema

Diffuse hair loss

Thyroid acropachy

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8
Q

What type of thyroid disease is graves?

A

hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

What causes pretibial myxoedema?

A

mucin deposition which results in waxy

indurated plaques and nodules

which are normally on the lower legs of feet

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10
Q

What are the cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

A

butterfly / malar rash

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11
Q

Which type of SLE does the butterfly / malar rash occur in?

A

Acute SLE

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12
Q

Where do the malar rashes of SLE occur?

A

On sun-exposed sites

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13
Q

Are the butterfly/malar rashes of SLE scarring?

A

Not usually scarring

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14
Q

What antibodies is SLE often associated with?

A

anti-dsDNA

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15
Q

Name the cutaneous manifestations of internal cancers.

A

acanthosis nigricans

acquired ichthyosis

pyoderma gangrenosum

dermatomyositis

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16
Q

What is the cause of dermatomyositis?

A

Presumed to be autoimmune

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17
Q

What are the two forms of dermatomyositis?

A

Juvenile

Adult

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18
Q

Which of the types of dermatomyositis is associated with malignancy?

A

Adult dermatomyositis

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19
Q

What are the manifestations of dermatomyositis?

A

proximal muscle weakness

characteristic skin eruption

nail fold changes

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20
Q

Which cancers are associated with adult dermatomyositis? (how much increased risk)

A

Ovarian

Breast

Lung

Colorectal

(30% increase in risk)

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21
Q

What are the two types of acanthosis nigrans?

A

1) associated with DM

2) associated with malignancy

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22
Q

Which types of malignancy is acanthosis nigrans associated with?

Study These Flashcards
A

adenocarcinoma of the stomach and GI tract

23
Q

Which of the two types of acanthosis nigrans has a quicker onset?

Study These Flashcards
A

acanthosis nigrans associated with malignancy

24
Q

Describe the course of pyoderma gangrenosum.

Study These Flashcards
A

uncommon

chronic

recurrent

ulcerative condition

25
What signs are most types of pyoderma gangrenosum associated with?
fever signs of toxicity
26
What conditions are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum? (what proportion of patients will have one of these diseases)
(60% will have one of the following) Inflammatory bowel disease: Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Arthritis: RA seronegative Haematological malignancies: Myeloma Leukaemia
27
Which condition is most commonly associated with pyoderma gangrenosum?
Inflammatory bowel disease: Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease
28
What is erythema nodosum?
panniculitis meaning inflammation of the fat layer
29
Who is erythema nodosum most common in?
younger women
30
What signs and symptoms is erythema nodosum associated with?
general malaise fever joint pains
31
How long usually is the course of erthema nodosum?
2-4 weeks
32
What is thought to be the cause of erythema nodosum?
a delayed hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli
33
What are the groups of causes that cause erythema nodosum?
Idiopathic Infections (mainly URTI) Drugs Sarcoidosis Inflammatory bowel disease (UC+Crohn's)
34
What are the infectious causes of erythema nodosum?
(mainly URTI) Streptococcus TB
35
What are the medications that can cause erythema nodosum?
Sulphonamides COC
36
What are the causes of cutaneous vasculitis?
Infections Drugs Connective tissue disease Neoplasms
37
How does Henoch-Schonlein purpura/vasculitis present?
palpable purpuric lesions on limbs and buttocks
38
What are purpura?
purple or brownish-red spots on the skin or mucous membranes caused by the extravasation of blood
39
What infection Henoch-Schonlein purpura/vasculitis frequently associated with?
respiratory tract infections
40
Who Henoch-Schonlein purpura common in and why is this an issue?
Common in children, a risk as it is more likely to have systemic symptoms in children
41
What systemic symptoms is Henoch-Schonlein purpura associated with?
Arthralgia + arthritis Haematuria and abdominal pain Nephrotic syndrome and renal failure
42
How is Henoch-Schonlein vasculitis diagnosed?
immunofluorescence to identify: IgA immune deposits
43
What skin eruptions are associated with drug reactions?
urticaria erythema multiforme Stevens-Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis
44
Typically how long does it take for skin eruptions to occur after taking a drug?
1-3 weeks
45
What is the typical prodrome of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)?
fever upper respiratory tract symptoms
46
How long is the course of SJS typically?
3 weeks
47
What are the categories of causes of SJS?
Infection Drugs Idiopathic
48
What are the typical infectious causes of SJS?
Mycoplasma Herpes simplex
49
What is the mortality of toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN)?
35% mortality
50
What are the typical causes of TEN?
NSAIDs antibiotics antiepileptics
51
What should the management of skin failure entail?
Withdraw the offending drug Supportive care --> Burns unit/ITU Careful wound care: Hydration Nutritional support
52
What is thyroid acropachy?
soft-tissue swelling of the hands and clubbing of the fingers
53
Which cause of vasculitis maybe associated with ASLO?
SLE

Dermatology (11 decks)

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