The Skull

Question 1

Which cranial bones of the skull are paired?

Answer 1

Partial and temporal

Question 2

Which facial bones are paired?

Answer 2

Zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae

Question 3

List some craniometric landmarks

Answer 3

Glabella, bregma, lambda, inion (at occipital protuberance), pterion (where meningeal artery goes up the skull to serve meninges)

Question 4

What is the metopic structure?

Answer 4

Occurs when incomplete fusion of the frontal bone occurs

Question 5

What does the frontal crest contain?

Answer 5

Attachment site for the falx cerebri which is a protective CT for the brain

Question 6

Describe surgical access to the cranial cavity

Answer 6

Bone flaps The periosteum has poor osteogenic properties Bone wired or plated while healing Healing best when flap incorporates overlaying tissues (e.g. skin, muscle, fascia)*

Question 7

What is the coronal suture?

Answer 7

Articulation between frontal and both parietal bones

Question 8

What is the sagittal suture?

Answer 8

Articulation between both parietal bones

Question 9

What is the lamboid suture?

Answer 9

Articulation between parietal and occipital bones

Question 10

What is the squamous suture?

Answer 10

Articulation between temporal and parietal bones

Question 11

CN VII and VIII enter into the ear through what structure?

Answer 11

Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone

Question 12

What is the function of the petrous portion of the temporal bone?

Answer 12

Protects the inner ear

Question 13

What is the foramen magnum of the occipital bone?

Answer 13

Passage way for brainstem and numerous arteries and nerves

Question 14

When nodding “yes” the occipital condyles articulate with what?

Answer 14

Cervical vertebrae

Question 15

What is the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 15

Where the pituitary gland sits

Question 16

The foramen rotundum is the exit point for which nerve?

Answer 16

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (V2)

Question 17

The foramen ovale is the exit point for which nerve?

Answer 17

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V3)

Question 18

The foramen spinosum is the exit point for which structure?

Answer 18

Middle meningeal artery

Question 19

Describe characteristics of the sphenoid bone

Answer 19

Unites the cranial and facial bones Articulates with almost every bone in the skull Contains the sphenoid sinuses

Question 20

The crista Galli of the ethmoid bone is the attachment site for what?

Answer 20

Falx cerebri

Question 21

The orbital plate of the ethmoid bone forms the medial wall of what structure?

Answer 21

The orbit

Question 22

What is the superior portion of the nasal septum?

Answer 22

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Question 23

What is the ethmoidal labyrinth?

Answer 23

Contain superior and middle nasal conchae

Question 24

What structures are in the superior part of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 24

Ethmoidal air surfaces Cribiform plate (olfactory nerve descends along lateral borders) Cribiform foramina (passageway for olfactory nerve branches)

Question 25

What are the three cranial fossa?

Answer 25

Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa

Question 26

Describe characteristics of the facial bones

Answer 26

Provide shape, contour, and individuality to the face Important structural component of the orbit and nasal cavities Anchor site for teeth of the upper and lower jaw

Question 27

What does the orbital surface of the zygomatic bone form?

Answer 27

Lateral wall of the orbit

Question 28

What forms the zygomatic arch?

Answer 28

Includes the zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone

Question 29

The lacrimal wall is part of the medial wall of each what?

Answer 29

Orbit

Question 30

The lacrimal groove is a passageway for what structure?

Answer 30

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 31

The nasal bones are paired bones that form what?

Answer 31

The bridge of the nose

Question 32

Which part of the vomer articulates with the sphenoid?

Answer 32

Ala of the vomer

Question 33

What forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?

Answer 33

Vertical plate of the vomer

Question 34

The orbital process of the palatine bone forms part of what?

Answer 34

The medial floor of the orbit

Question 35

What does the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone form?

Answer 35

Lateral wall of nasal cavity

Question 36

What does the horizontal plate of the palatine bone form?

Answer 36

Posterior portion of the hard palate

Question 37

What does the palatine process of the maxilla form?

Answer 37

Posterior portion of hard palate

Question 38

The incisive foramen of the maxilla separate?

Answer 38

Hard palate from anterior nasal spine

Question 39

What holds the teeth of the upper jaw?

Answer 39

Alveolar process of maxilla

Question 40

What is the largest paranasal sinus in the skull?

Answer 40

Maxillary sinus

Question 41

What is a le fort I fracture?

Answer 41

Inferior portion of maxilla is broken off Alveolar process cracks off

Question 42

What is a le fort II fracture?

Answer 42

The whole maxilla is broken off as well as palatine and lacrimal bones

Question 43

What is a le fort III fracture?

Answer 43

Whole maxilla and part of zygomatic bone

Question 44

Describe the inferior nasal conchae

Answer 44

Considered its own separate bone Superior and middle concha are part of the ethmoid bone

Question 45

Which bones make up the orbit?

Answer 45

Maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid (medial wall) Frontal bone, sphenoid, zygomatic (lateral) Frontal and sphenoid (roof)

Question 46

Which bones make up the nasal complex?

Answer 46

Nasal bone, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae, maxillary, sphenoid bone and palatine bone

Question 47

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Answer 47

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary Can become infected

Question 48

What are the fontanelle of the fetal skull?

Answer 48

Anterior, sphenoid, mastoid and posterior fontanelles