The Social-Cognitive Lens Flashcards
(38 cards)
Whose approach emphasized situational factors, which are environmental circumstances that can influence behavior?
Walter Mischel.
What is a long-standing discussion/controversy in personality psychology triggered by Mischel’s findings, examining the role of personality traits & situational factors in behavior?
The person-situation debate.
What are the elements Mischel substituted for global traits in his personality model, (CAPS) the Cognitive Affective Processing System)?
Cognitive affective units (CAUs)
(CAUs include encoding strategies, personal constructs, expectancies, affects, goals & values, competencies & self-regulatory plans…
When activated by a situation, these units influence how a person perceives, interprets, & reacts to their environment, leading to their behavior.)
What are the processes through which individuals learn to adapt to different situations and achieve better functioning, often influenced by social learning and self-efficacy?
Adaptation & Adjustment.
Which of Bandura’s theories indicates that an individual gains confidence from social experiences?
Self-efficacy.
(Albert Bandura)
Which of Bandura’s theories suggested that people learn by watching someone else’s behavior and the resulting consequences of that behavior?
Observational learning.
(Albert Bandura)
What is a concept proposed by Bandura in which cognitive processes, behavior, and environmental contexts interact & mutually influence each other, shaping an individual’s personality and actions?
Reciprocal determinism.
(Previously learned information, prior rewards or punishments, and the environmental or social context are all part of reciprocal determinism.)
What are mental functions and activities related to thinking, reasoning, beliefs, expectations, and personality characteristics, as emphasized in the social-cognitive perspective?
Cognitive processes.
When does the concept of reciprocal determinism take place?
Whenever an individual’s behavior, personal factors (thoughts/beliefs), and environmental factors are interacting simultaneously
Which theory was Mischel studying in the marshmallow study?
Self-regulation.
(Mischel studied self-regulation by testing if a child would resist temptation when unsupervised by an adult.)
Which trait did Mischel study in college students to determine its impact on behavior?
Conscientiousness.
(typified by hard work, orderliness, & self-discipline)
Who developed a theory of personality proposing that situation-behavior relationships are what define traits?
Walter Mischel.
(He suggested an individual’s behavior is fundamentally dependent on situational cues, counter to trait theorists’ perspective that behavior should be consistent across diverse situations.)
What are the 4 processes that account for learning from observation (aka observational learning), as defined by Banduras?
Attentional.
Retention.
Motor reproduction.
Motivational.
What is Mischel’s model for predicting behavior, which consists of several CAUs?
(CAPS) Cognitive Affective Personality System model.
According to Mischel, how do goals shape an individual’s personality?
By affecting the self-regulation process
Who felt that emotions play a role in determining behavior?
Walter Mischel.
Who felt that reinforcement provides incentives for performance but is not necessary for learning to occur.
Albert Bandura.
According to Bandura, what term refers to a person’s internal cognitive structure that includes their beliefs, attitudes, & abilities?
The self-system.
(Albert Bandura)
What term does Bandura use to describe behavioral changes that result from exposure to models’ exhibited behavior?
Modeling.
(aka imitative learning, observational learning, or vicarious learning)
What paradox, as proposed by Mischel, addresses the tendency for people to have consistent behaviors while also having inconsistent behaviors?
The consistency paradox.
(This paradox explains why people’s behavior can vary widely while their overall personality remains the same throughout their lives.)
Who believed traits can describe, but do not explain, personality?
Walter Mischel.
According to Mischel’s body of work, what component of the social-cognitive view is predictive of future behavioral outcomes?
Delayed gratification.
(the ability to resist acting on impulse, which is essential to self-control & self-regulation)
According to Mischel, what are two vital components to how an individual regulates their behavior?
Self-imposed goals & self-produced consequences.
What is the ability to control & manage one’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a manner that aligns with long-term goals and values?
Self-regulation.
