The Special Care Nursery Flashcards
Primary purpose of the NICU neonatal intensive care unit
support of body temperature, control of infection, minimal hnadling,
Neonatal Care Levels
Level Basic Care: Evaluate and provide care for postnatal care to infants 35-to 37 weeks gestation, stablize infants infants less than 35 weeks gestation until transfer
Level II- Specialty Care
IIA: Provide care for the moderately ill infants greater than 32 weeks
IIB: provides mechanical ventilation:
Level III Subspeciality Care
IIIA: provides treatment that infants are 28 weeks young performs minor surgical procedures.
IIIB: Provides care for infants less than 28 weeks gestation, provides advancded respiratory support (high frequency ventilation) advanced imagining pediatric surgical specialists, access to pediatric medical subspeciliaties
IIIC: Provides extracorporeal membrane oxgenation (ECMO ) and complex cardiac surgery
How does Noise levels affect the infants
Nosies can put the babies at bradcardiac and hypoxic epidsodes and decibels up 45 should not exceed and max of 60 decibles.
What is consider a premature infant????
PREMATURE INFANTS – 7-10% of all births
Born before 37 weeks (relative to conception)
also known as premature infants
are at high risk for illness and death.
Birth-weight is a critical factor in determining the infants degree of risk….WHY?
Chance of a fetal survival increases if between how many weeks.
Chances of a fetus surviving greatly improve between 28 to 32 weeks. Rates shown are percentages of babies born in the US after specific lengths of gestation who survive the 1st year of life.
Whats the average birth weight for a baby
Whats the low birth rate for a baby
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The average newborn weighs 3,400 grams (7 1/2 pounds).
Range is between 5.5lbs (2500g)-9lbs (4100g)
LOW-BIRTHWEIGHT (LBW) INFANTS weigh less than 2,500 grams (5 1/2 pounds).
What is consider a VERY LOW birth weight and why don’t the infants survive??? before 30 weeks of age
Weight between 1501gms and 1,250 grams (2 1/4 pounds) and
Less than 30 weeks gestational age and are in grave danger because of the immaturity of their organ systems.
What size is a mircopremie what weight is consider Extremely Low Birth weight.
Weight below 1000g
Range of major medical complications
Micropremie < 750/800g
What is the average brith weight of a baby and weeks to develop
SGA: Problem affecting fetal growth – newborn infants weighing 90 percent or less than average weight of infants of the same gestational age.
EX: Average weight at 38 weeks 7.5 lbs
SGA babies weigh 6.8 lbs or less at 38 weeks
What happens to pre- mature birth weights where are they placed
What happens to infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Are put in incubators,
— oxygen and temperature must be carefully monitored.
Easily chilled, susceptible to infection, sensitive to environment
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may result due to poorly developed lungs (20%)
Surfactant replacement
Supplemental oxygen
What does research show about infants who receive
name some types of treatments
Research shows that children who receive more responsive, organized care in an appropriately stimulating environment, are apt to show more positive outcomes than children whose care was not as good.
- Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care
Assessment Program (NIDCAP)
- Infant massage
-Kangaroo care
Think of causes for low term birth
Multiple gestation
Teen (under age 15) and older mothers (over age 35)
Births too closely spaced
General health and nutrition of mother
drug & alcohol abuse
Fetal distress
g. Maternal chronic illness
h. Amniotic infection
Placental abruption/previa
j. Preeclampsia/toxemia
k. Uterine abnormalities
Whats the APGAR scale
First Assessment of the Newborn- Nurse
APGAR SCALE a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns.
Developed by Virginia Apgar in 1953
What are the categories of the APGAR scale
think APGAR is an acronym
appearance (color) pulse (heart rate) grimace (reflex irritability) activity (muscle tone) respiration (respiratory effort)
Measured at 1 minute, 5 minutes,
10 minutes
Catagories to rate each one
Heart Rate 0 = absent 1= below 100 2= above 100
Respiratory Effect- 0 = absent 1= weak cry 2= strong cry
Muscle Tone- 0 = limp 1= weak flexion 2= strong
Body color= 0 = Entire body is blue 1= body is pink but extremities are blue 2= healthy pink
Reflex Response 0= absent 1= weak 2= strong
what do most babies score
What is life threathing
Scores under what reguire help to start breathing
Most babies score around 8.
Scores under 7 require help to start breathing
Scores under 4 need immediate life-saving intervention
Scores that stay between 0 and 3 after 20 minutes are an indicator that severe problems are likely to be precedeLow Apgar scores may indicate problems or birth defects that were already present in the fetus
Low Apgar scores may also result from difficulties during the birth process
-ANOXIA - a restriction of oxygen which can cause brain damage.
