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Applied Anatomy > The Spinal Column > Flashcards

The Spinal Column Flashcards

1
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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2
Q

How many spinal vertebrae are there?

A

30

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3
Q

What are the 5 types (regions) of spinal cord?

A
  • Cervical vertebrae
  • Thoracic vertebrae
  • Lumbar vertebrae
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
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4
Q

At what vertebrae does the spinal cord ‘end’?

A

L1 and L2

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5
Q

At what vertebrae is the cauda equine?

A

L1 - L5

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6
Q

What is a plexus?

A

An intricate network of nerves that often cross over one another

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7
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that covers the axon (and it’s Schwann cell) of a neuron?

A

Endoneurium

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8
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that covers a fascicle (a group of nerve axons bundled together)?

A

Perineurium

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9
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds a group of fascicles?

A

Epineurium

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10
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla Oblongata
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11
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The defined area of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve / segment

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12
Q

What is the myotome?

A

The muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific spinal nerve / segment

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13
Q

What is the cervical plexus responsible for?

A

Extends from C1 - C4

  • Motor and sensory information to the shoulders, back of the head and neck
  • Associated with tongue function and swallowing
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14
Q

What is the Brachial Plexus responsible for?

A

Extends from C5 - T1

- Motor and sensory information to the upper extremities

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15
Q

What is the Lumbar and Sacral Plexus responsible for?

A

Lumbar extends from L1 - L4
Sacral extends L4 - S4
- These plexus’ come together to form the lumbosacral plexus
- Motor and sensory information to the lower trunk, perineum and entire lower extremity.

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16
Q

Describe segmental supply

A
  • Only one spinal cord supplies one area
  • Responsible for simple movements
  • If that segment gets damaged, the muscles that are connected will stop working
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17
Q

Describe integrated supply

A
  • When one or more anterior rami merge to form a plexus
  • A number of spinal nerves supply an area
  • Supplies areas that require coordinated movements
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18
Q

What parts of the body does the posterior ramus supply nerves to?

A

The muscles and skin of the back

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19
Q

What parts of the body does the anterior ramus supply nerves to?

A

The muscles, skin (towards the front of the body) and limbs

20
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Our ability to use our sense to determine a response from the environment

21
Q

Where are the primary curves in the spinal column and when do they form?

A

The thoracic and sacral region

They form in the womb

22
Q

Where are the secondary curves and when do they develop?

A

The cervical and lumbar region

They form when a baby learns to lift it’s head and walk

23
Q

What are the four main components that a typical vertebrae will have?

A
  • A body
  • A vertebral arch
  • Pedicles
  • Laminae
24
Q

What are the four main processes that a typical vertebrae will have?

A
  • Spinous process
  • Transverse process
  • A superior articular process
  • A inferior articular process
25
Q

What are some distinctive features of the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • Has holes on either side of the body to allow arteries to travel through
  • Has a triangular shaped foramen
  • Has a bifid spinal process
  • The body is kidney bean shaped
26
Q

What are some distinctive features of the thoracic vertebrae?

A
  • Has smooth transverse processors to allow the ribs to join
  • Has smaller, rounder foramen compared to the cervical vertebrae but is larger in over all size
  • The body is heart shaped
27
Q

What are some distinctive features of the lumbar vertebrae?

A
  • Has a triangular/oval shaped foramen
  • Has a very large, thick body
  • Has short, thick and blunt spinous processes
28
Q

What are some distinctive features of the Atlas vertebrae?

A
  • The very first vertebrae
  • Does not have a body or spinal process
  • Basically a ring of bone
29
Q

What is a distinctive feature of the Axial vertebrae?

A
  • Has a dense that articulates with the atlas to form a pivot joint known as the atlantoaxial joint
30
Q

What are four purposes of the intervertebral discs?

A
  • Weight bearing
  • Spacing the vertebrae
  • Facilitating movement
  • Preventing excessive rotation
31
Q

What do the intervertebral discs consist of?

A
  • Nucleus pulposus

- Annulus fibrosus

32
Q

What might happen if a nucleus purposes ruptures?

A

It can cause a compression of nerves

33
Q

Describe the zygopophyseal joints

A
  • Formed between the inferior and superior articulating surfaces of the vertebrae
  • They are synovial plane joints
  • The the capsule is considered ‘loose’ then the joint allows for a greater range of movement
34
Q

Describe the intervertebral joints

A
  • Formed between the intervertebral discs and the vertebral bodies
  • They are secondary cartilaginous joints
  • Joined together by the posterior and anterior longitudinal ligament
35
Q

What are the three components of the sternum?

A
  • The manubrium
  • The body
  • The xiphoid process
36
Q

What attaches to the xiphoid process of the sternum?

A

The abdominal muscles

37
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12

38
Q

What is the difference between true and false ribs?

A

True ribs attached directly to the sternum where as false ribs join together before joining the sternum

39
Q

What are the different types of ribs and how many of each are there?

A

Ribs 1 - 7 are true ribs
Ribs 8 - 12 are false ribs
Ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs

40
Q

Explain Lordosis

A

When there is an exaggerated curve in the lumbar region (eg when someone is pregnant)

41
Q

Explain Kyphosis

A

When there is an exaggerated curve in the thoracic region (eg when someone has a hunchback)

42
Q

Explain Scoliosis

A

When there is an abnormal lateral curve in the spinal column

43
Q

What does a larger intervertebral disc compared to a vertebral body result in?

A

A greater range of movement

44
Q

Label a diagram of the ligaments of the spinal column

A

doooo itttt

45
Q

Label a diagram of the rib

A

just do it

46
Q

What is the significance of the tubercle of the rib?

A

It forms a point of articulation with the costal facet on the transverse process to create the costovertebral joints

47
Q

What is the name of the joints between the anterior articulations of the ribs and the sternum?

A

The sternocostal joints

Applied Anatomy (4 decks)

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