The Stimulus-Response Model Flashcards
(26 cards)
Reflexes produced by a response to a stimuli in the environment
Behaviorism
Consequences from one’s personal history, including reinforcement and punishment.
Behaviorism
Individual’s current motivational state and __________ always affects a person.
controlling stimuli
One’s behavior can be determined through ___________ and _____________, a pattern.
inheritance and environmental factors,
Propelled the “Propaganda Technique in the World War”; first ventured into the “Propaganda Technique in the World War”
Harold Lasswell (1927)
Focused on looking at voting patterns and the relationship between the media and political power in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s case.
Elihu Katz and Karl Lazarsfeld
Studied the current “media effects” via political journalism; media working with politics
Frank Esser (2008)
Mass media → isolated individuals constituting a mass
Hypodermic Needle Theory (after Katz & Lazarsfeld, 1955)
Messages are received automatically
Ex: Vaccine (content) and Syringe (platform)
“Transmission-belt model”
Transmission of (media) gun to (viewers) head
“Magic bullet theory”
An intended message is ___________ and wholly accepted by audiences
directly received
_____________ towards the audience is reputed to be seen with immediate effects.
“Shooting paradigm”
The public (mass society) is ________ and cannot escape the media’s influences.
vulnerable
People are __________ by biological instincts toward stimuli.
uniformly controlled
Questioned the psychological and sociological theories (1900s to the 1930s)
Instinct psychology
The paradigm was limited to the urban setting with migrants susceptible to manipulation.
Mass Society theories
Propaganda and Hollywood, effects of media in the 1930s and the 1940s.
Belief in early propaganda research
Quick effects from media, with the changes in the environment leading to mass hysteria.
Finding the right stimuli
shows that origins, norms, values, beliefs held by people can be different.
Social isolation leads to limited social control
there is an inherited human nature and isolated social condition.
Uniformed reception and interpretation
guided by uniform instincts, in which people respond to media messages similarly.
Actions are not influenced by social ties
this serves as people’s guide for reacting or responding to the environment they are in.
Humans are wired with a set of instincts
Criticism:
The Masses are not single-minded
________________ with the presentation of arguments and views. (distorting arguments)
“Intellectual” straw man fallacy
