The structure and functions of neurons Flashcards

(12 cards)

1
Q

Neuron

A

Cells that carry information throughout the body. They do this via electrical and chemical signals (neurotransmitters) There are 100 billion neurons in the human body

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of Neuron’s in humans?

A
  • Sensory
  • Relay
  • Motor
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3
Q

What do neuron’s typically consist of?

A

A cell body, dendrites and an axon.

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4
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

They receive signals from other neurons or from sensory receptors.

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5
Q

What are dendrites connected to?

A

The cell body

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6
Q

What are the 3 main components of a neuron?

A
  • Dendrites
  • Cell body
  • Axon (axon terminals)
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7
Q

What is the cell body of a neuron?

A

It is the control centre of the neuron.

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8
Q

What is the cell body connected to?

A

The axon

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9
Q

What is the role of the axon?

A

The axon is where the impulse is carried along and it terminates at the axon terminal.

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10
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A fatty layer that covers the axon

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

A

It protects the axon and speeds up the electrical transmission of the impulse.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of sensory neurons?

A

They carry messages from the sensory receptors in the PNS to the CNS (either in the brain or the spine)

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