the structure and functions off different neurons Flashcards
define neuron?
a specialised cell through which the entire nervous system communicates
what do neurons do?
carry neural information through the brain and body
how many neurones are in the human body ?
100,000
what is the longest neuron in the body ?
1 metre
how many connections do neurons make the other neurons ?
1-1000
what are the 3 types of neurons ?
sensory , relay , motor
where are sensory neurons found ?
found in receptors such as the eyes, ears, tongue and skin
what do sensory neurons do ?
carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain. When these nerve impulses reach the brain, they are translated into ‘sensations’, may stop at spinal cord for quick reflex action .
where are relay neurons found?
brain and spinal cord
what do relay neuron do ?
allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate.
where are motor neurons found?
in the CNS
what do motor neurons do ?
control muscle movements. When motor neurons are stimulated they release neurotransmitters that bind to the receptors on muscles to trigger a response, which lead to movement.
what do denrites do ?
receive signals from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells.
what does the axon do ?
carries nerve impulses
what does a myelin sheath do ?
insulates the axon so that the electrical impulses travel faster along the axon
