the structure of eukaryoutic cells

Question 1

what is the function of the nucleus ?

Answer 1

Where DNA is concentrated and protected
-where transcription takes place

Question 2

what is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 2

mRNA, tRNA and rRNA production

Question 3

what do you call the double membrane of the nucleus ?

Answer 3

nuclear envelope

Question 4

what is the nucleoplasm ?

Answer 4

granular like jelly material which contains chromatin granules

Question 5

what is the function of nuclear pores ?

Answer 5

allow entry of substances such as nucleotides for DNA replication and exit of molecules such as mRNA for protein synthesis

Question 6

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum ?

Answer 6

carry out translation to synthesise ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 7

what does the rough endoplasmic reticulum consist of ?

Answer 7

consists of an interconnected system of flattened sacs

Question 8

why is the endoplasmic reticulum ‘rough’?

Answer 8

because it has ribosomes on the cisternae

Question 9

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum ?

Answer 9

carbohydrate and lipid synthesis

Question 10

what is the function of the golgibody ?

Answer 10

• responsible for packaging substances into cisternae
• transport and modify proteins

Question 11

what is the function of mitochondria ?

Answer 11

aerobic respiration to generate ATP

Question 12

what is inside the mitochondria ?

Answer 12

folds called cristae
- which increase the surface area for ATP synthase and aerobic respiration

Question 13

what is the fluid centre in the mitochondria called ?

Answer 13

mitochondrial matrix

Question 14

how much ATP is generated for 1 mole of glucose ?

Answer 14

36 ATP

Question 15

what is the function of free ribosomes ?

Answer 15

protein synthesis via translation

Question 16

what are ribosomes made off?

Answer 16

protein and rRNA 80’s
a large subunit and small sub unit

Question 17

what is between the 2 sub units on a ribosome?

Answer 17

mRNA

Question 18

what grows on the large sub unit of a ribosomes ?

Answer 18

a growing peptide chain

Question 19

what is the function of chloroplasts ?

Answer 19

site of photosynthesis to convert solar energy to chemical energy

Question 20

what is the function of an outer membrane in a chloroplast ?

Answer 20

isolation of photosynthetic reactions

Question 21

what is the function of a thylakoid ?

Answer 21

provides large surface area for chlorophyll

Question 22

what is the stroma full of ?

Answer 22

enzymes for photosynthesis

Question 23

what is the function of a cellulose cell wall ?

Answer 23

provides mechanical structural support

Question 24

what is the function of a permanent vacuole ?

Answer 24

stores sap which provides energy and ensures the cell stays turgid

Question 25

what is the functions of lysosomes ?

Answer 25

digesting and recycling materials

Question 26

what do lysosomes contain ?

Answer 26

lots of molecules of digestive enzymes

Question 27

what is the function of the cell surface membrane/ plasma membrane ?

Answer 27

controls transport of substances and allows cell recognition and allows cell signaling

Question 28

wat does the cell surface membrane consist of ?

Answer 28

phospholipid layers

Question 29

what kind of vesicles pinch off from the cisternae of the gogibody ?

Answer 29

secretatary vesicles

Question 30

what are some other functions of lysosomes other than digestion ?

Answer 30

- complete break down dead cells (autolysis ) - exocytosis - release enzymes to outside of cell to destroy material - digest worn out organelles for reuse of materials

Question 31

in fungi what is the cell wall made out of ?

Answer 31

chitin - a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide