the structure of the liver

Question 1

what is a hepatocyte

Answer 1

Liver cell

Question 2

why is it crucial for the liver to have a good supply of blood

Answer 2

Because it carrys out many metabolic reactions

Question 3

why is it necessary for the liver to have a good supply of oxygen

Answer 3

For aerobic respiration, as liver cells are very active therefore they require lots of ATP for active metabolic processes

Question 4

what does the hepatic artery do

Answer 4

transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver

Question 5

what does the hepatic portal vein do

Answer 5

Removes deoxygenated blood from the digestive system to the liver

Question 6

how does blood leave the liver

Answer 6

leaves the liver through the hepatic vein (central vein)

Question 7

what is the difference between the hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein

Answer 7

Hepatic portal vein- allows blood to enter the liver

Hepatic vein- allows blood to leave the liver

Question 8

what artery does the hepatic vein join to in order for the blood to enter the heart from the liver

Answer 8

The hepatic vein joins to the vena cava

Question 9

what is the bile duct

Answer 9

a tube connected to the liver

Question 10

what is an advantage for the liver, by the blood recieved from the hepatic portal vein

Answer 10

it sends deoxygenated blood from the digestive system to the liver.
This allows the liver to absorb nutrients from the blood from the digestive system

Question 11

what are some functions of the bile duct

Answer 11

carries bile from liver to the gall bladder for storage

contains excretory products such as bile pigments which leave in faeces

Question 12

what is one example of as bile pigment

Answer 12

Bilirubin

Question 13

Describe the internal structure of the liver

Answer 13

divided into lobes and lobules

Question 14

what is smaller lobes or lobues

Answer 14

Lobules

As the liver is divided into lobes and further divided into lobules

Question 15

what shape are lobules

Answer 15

Cylindrical

Question 16

what does the meaning interlobal vessels mean

Answer 16

the hepatic artery and portal vein split into small vessels in the liver, which RUN PARALLEL TO LOBULES

Question 17

what cell is the liver mainly made of

Answer 17

hepatocytes

Question 18

what is a sinusoid

Answer 18

a space in the lobule where blood from HA and HPV mixes to increase oxygen content for hepatocytes

Question 19

why do hepatocytes have a large surface area

Answer 19

maximises rate of exchange of substances

Question 20

what cells coat the sinusoid

Answer 20

endothelial cells

Question 21

what is a kupffer cell

Answer 21

a specialised macrophage

Question 22

where are kupffer cells located

Answer 22

in the sinusoid

Question 23

what is the function of the kupffer cells

Answer 23

to breakdown and recycle old erythrocytes

Question 24

Kupffer cells breakdown red blood cells, what can this create

Answer 24

Bilirubin (bile pigment), product of a broken down haemoglobin

Question 25

what type of substance is bilirubin

Answer 25

Bile pigment

Question 26

what is the bile canaliculi

Answer 26

bile drains into this space, the canaliculi then drains bile into the bile duct

Question 27

how does the bile duct form

Answer 27

bile made in liver released into bile canaliculi. The bile canaliculi join and form bile duct

Question 28

what has the job of transporting bile to the gall bladder

Answer 28

Bile duct

Question 29

why may blood in the hepatic vein have toxins

Answer 29

Because the deoxygenated blood has came from the digestive system where concentrations of substances are uncontrolled.

Question 30

what is in the centre of a lobule

Answer 30

The centre of a lobule is a hepatic vein

Question 31

where do sinusoids empty their blood

Answer 31

Into the centre of a lobule

Question 32

name two differences between excretion and secretion

Answer 32

excretion can be - metabolic waste, e.g. urea Secretion is useful products, e.g. hormones, enzymes, bile salt excretion doesnt use vesicles secretion uses vesicles

Question 33

what is one similarity between excretion and secretion other than they both use ATP

Answer 33

they are both involved in homeostasis

Question 34

why are blood concentrations in the blood from hepatic portal vein uncontrolled and rich in products

Answer 34

because the blood has came from the digestive system, thereore rich in products

Question 35

what process controls the concentration of blood in liver before entering the central vein

Answer 35

blood flowing in sinusoid, lined with hepatocytes which remove substances from blood when contact between the two is close