The Temporomandibular Joint

Question 1

How can trauma result in TMD

Answer 1

Intra-articular bleeding can result in fibrosis and adhesions. Also, soft tissue injury can elongate or tear disc and ligament attachments

Question 2

What factors can cause TMD

Answer 2

Trauma, joint laxity, bruxism, and change in joint lubrication system

Question 3

How can bruxism result in TMD

Answer 3

Compressive overload of joint that can cause increased production of reactive oxidative radicals that as a result destroy hyaluronic acid, collagen, and proteoglycans

Question 4

What causes internal derrangement

Answer 4

Biochemical alterations due to inflmmation that changes the lubricating properties of the joint, introduces friction between the disc and condyle, and develops adhesions

Question 5

What is the initial signs of internal derrangement

Answer 5

Anterior disk displacement and perforation

Question 6

What are the classes of TMD

Answer 6

Class 1: non-articular
Class 2: articular

Question 7

What is class 1 TMD

Answer 7

Non-articular:
- myofascial pain and dysfunction
- local myalgia
- myositis
- muscle spasm

Question 8

What is Class 2 TMD

Answer 8

Articular:
- Congenital or developmental
- Disk-derrangement disorders
- Degenerative joint disorders
- TMJ hypermobility and hypomobility
- Trauma
- Infections
- Neoplasia