The Thorax

Question 1

Manubrium depression

Answer 1

Jugular notch

Question 2

Fossae of manubrium articulates with

Answer 2

Medial end of clavicles (sternoclaviucvlar joint)

Question 3

Lateral ends of manubrium

Answer 3

Facets, articulate with costal cartilage of 1st rib
Demifacets articulate with costal cartilage of 2nd rib

Question 4

Sternal angle

Answer 4

Manubrium articulates with body, marks level of 2nd costal cartilage

Question 5

Articulate facets of body of sternum

Answer 5

Costal cartilages of ribs 3-6
Demifacets 2nd and 7th rib

Question 6

Tip of xiphoid process at

Answer 6

T10 vertebra

Question 7

When does the xiphoid process completely ossify?

Answer 7

40

Question 8

A fracture of several pieces

Answer 8

Comminuted fracture

Question 9

Sternum fracture

Answer 9

Comminuted fracture. Fragments not usually displaced due to attachment to pectoralis muscles

Question 10

How many ribs

Answer 10

12 paired bones

Question 11

Where do the ribs articulate and terminate

Answer 11

Articulate with vertebral column posteriorly
Terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage

Question 12

Parts of a typical rib

Answer 12

Head (2x articulate facet, one articulating with vertebra above, one articulating with numerically corresponding vertebra)
Neck (tubercle with facet for articulation with transverse process of corresponding vertebra)
Body (costal groove, for intercostal vein/artery/nerve)

Question 13

Atypical ribs

Answer 13

1,2,10,11,12

Question 14

Rib 1 shape

Answer 14

Short and wide
2 grooves to make way for subclavian vessels

Question 15

Rib 1 facets

Answer 15

One facet for articulation with vertebra

Question 16

Rib 2 shape

Answer 16

Thin and long
Rough area on upper surface (serratus anterior muscle originates)

Question 17

Rib 2 facets

Answer 17

2 articulate facets

Question 18

Rib 10 facet

Answer 18

One, articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra

Question 19

Rib 11/12 shape

Answer 19

No neck

Question 20

Rib 11/12 facet

Answer 20

One facet, articulation with corresponding vertebra

Question 21

Costotransverse joint

Answer 21

Between tubercle of rib and transverse costal facet of corresponding vertebra

Question 22

Costovertebral joint

Answer 22

Between head of rib, superior costal facet of corresponding vertebra and inferior costal facet of vertebra above

Question 23

Anterior articulation of ribs 1-7

Answer 23

Attach independently to sternum

Question 24

Anterior articulation of ribs 8-10

Answer 24

Attach to costal cartilages superior to them

Question 25

Anterior articulation of ribs 11 and 12

Answer 25

Floating ribs. Do not have anterior attachment, end in abdominal musculature

Question 26

Flail chest

Answer 26

2 or more fractures in 2 or more adjacent ribs, no longer control over thoracic muscles. Impairs full expansion of rib cage affecting oxygen content of blood

Question 27

Thoracic spine

Answer 27

12 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs, between cervical and lumbar segment

Question 28

Demifacets of thoracic vertebrae articulate with

Answer 28

Head of ribs

Question 29

Costal facets on transverse process of thoracic vertebrae articulate with

Answer 29

Tubercle of ribs T1-T10

Question 30

Spinous process increases

Answer 30

Protection to spinal cord

Question 31

Facets on T2-T9

Answer 31

Demi facets

Question 32

Superior costal facet articulates with

Answer 32

Head of adjacent rib

Question 33

Inferior costal facet articulates with

Answer 33

Head of rib below

Question 34

Nose

Answer 34

First site where air is filtered, warmed and moistened

Question 35

Pharynx

Answer 35

Funnel shaped tube that extends from base of skill to oesophagus

Question 36

Larynx

Answer 36

Prevents aspiration during swallowing and produces sound

Question 37

Trachea

Answer 37

Kept open by horseshoe shaped cartilages, anterior to oesophagus

Question 38

Primary bronchi

Answer 38

Begins at the carina, kept open by horseshoe shaped cartilages

Question 39

Secondary/lobar bronchi

Answer 39

Supply lung lobes, kept open by plates of cartilage interspersed by smooth muscle

Question 40

Tertiary/segmental bronchi

Answer 40

Supply bronchopulmonary segments, kept open by small plates of cartilage interspersed with smooth muscle

Question 41

Bronchiole

Answer 41

Lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells, contains smooth muscle but no cartilage

Question 42

Terminal bronchiole

Answer 42

Lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelium, contains smooth muscle but no cartilage

Question 43

Respiratory bronchiole

Answer 43

Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, has a few alveoli extending from the lumen

Question 44

Alveolar sac

Answer 44

Clusters of alveoli

Question 45

Alveolus

Answer 45

Smallest structure of respiratory tract, designed for gas exchange