The Tongue

Question 1

Give the muscle attachments of the tongue - Palatoglossus?

Answer 1

Palatoglossus
innervated by the vagus nerve X ALL OTHERS ARE INNERVATED BY XII
O:
palatine aponeurosis

A: broadly across the tongue.

Elevates the posterior part of the tongue.

Question 2

Cranial nerve supply?

Answer 2

Mostly by XII and V and X

Anterior ⅔, general sensation:
 trigeminal nerve (CNV). - The lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3).

taste in the anterior 2/3 is supplied from the facial nerve (CNVII) (chordae tympani)

The posterior ⅓ of the tongue - Both touch and taste are supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX).

Vagus Nerve X just supplies Palatoglossus, and taste to the base of the tongue via the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 3

How would you identify a lesion in the cranial nerves?

Answer 3

Damage to the Facial nerve VII can cause taste sensations to be altered on the ant.2/3 of the tongue

Damage to the hypoglossal XII nerve may be more apparent .
Ways of testing the tongue are observing for abnormalities such as atrophy.

Sticking the tongue out with deviation to one side indicates nerve damage to the muscles that control the tongue. Weakness of the tongue such as pressing the wall of the cheek and slurred speech could be identified.

Question 4

Briefly describe the tongue

Answer 4

The tongue is an organ in the oral cavity used for mastication, swallowing and vocalisation. Innervated partly by the facial nerve( taste) and the trigeminal nerve. It is the primary organ of taste in the gustatory system
The tongue has an anterior (oral) and posterior part (pharyngeal) It is also split in the middle by the lingual septum. This causes a groove, the median sulcus in the middle of the tongue.

Question 5

Give the muscle attachments of the tongue -Hyoglossus?

Answer 5

Hyoglossus – Depresses and retracts the tongue , inserts into the side and originates from the Hyoid bone.

Question 6

Give the muscle attachments of the tongue - Genioglossus?

Answer 6

Genioglossus – Arises from the mental symphisis and inserts in the dorsum of the tongue.
inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle depress, and superior draw the tip back and down

Question 7

Give the muscle attachments of the tongue - Styloglossus?

Answer 7

Styloglossus O: styloid process of the temporal bone A: side of the tongue.
Function is retraction and elevation.

Question 8

Intrinsic muscles?

Answer 8

The tongues intrinsic muscles attach to each other, and are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. They are superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical muscles.

These muscles affect the shape and size of the tongue – for example, in tongue rolling – and have a role in facilitating speech, eating and swallowing.

Question 9

What artery innervates the tongue

Answer 9

Lingual