The Triumph of Communism in China 1945-50: US policy towards China 1945-79 Flashcards
Summarise the support the US offered the
GMD between 1945-79
• Recognised GMD gov. from 1945
• September 1945 - transported GMD troops to Manchuria
• Supported Chongqing negotiations and creation of coalition gov.
• 1946 - Marshall mission
• Gave GMD financial assistance
• 1949-79 - recognised GMD gov. in Taiwan
What did the usa anticipate after japans defeat
Agreed with USSR and believed that GMD would eventually have power over China after Japan’s defeat
• Both wanted Mao to join coalition gov. with Jiang as a minority
What were the US’ concerns after Japan’s defeat?
Concerned about Soviet influence spreading in south-east Asia
• Thought civil war would give USSR chance to strengthen its position in China
What did the US do about concerns it had after Japan’s defeat?
• Pressured Jiang and Mao to compromise
- Airlifted GMD troops to Manchuria and other areas to help GMD take over territory surrendered by Japanese
What announcement did Truman make in
late 1945?
• Announced in December 1945
• Would continue giving assistance but no military intervention
• Weapons, training etc.
When did the Marshall mission occur?
• From late 1945 to spring of 1946
What was the Marshall mission?
• Truman sent General Marshall to convince Mao and Jiang to create a coalition gov. (again)
• Failed to negotiate a compromise but established a truce in spring of 1946
• GMD nearing victory in Manchuria but truce allowed CP to strengthen its forces
How did US policy change from 1947?
• Truman rejected proposals of giving further military aid
• 30 July 1949 - China White Paper outlines withdrawal of military aid
• Limits assistance to financial aid, allowing Jiang to purchase weapons from US
How did the US offer support to Jiang Jieshi after the PRC’s victory?
• Recognised GMD gov. in Taiwan from 1949-79
• Ensured Jiang had Chinese seat in UN Security Council until 1971
• Continued giving financial aid to Jiang for arms after fleeing to Taiwan
