The Trunk/Torso Flashcards
Vertebrae #
7 cervical 12 thoracic - look like giraffe 5 lumbar - thickest bodies - look like moose 5 sacral - fused in adults 4 coccygeal - fused in adults
Is hyperextension good for the back?
Yes
What kind of joint are between the vertebrae?
Amphiarthrosis
Body - joint - body
What kind of joint is the intervertebral/interbody joints and where do they lie and what movement do they have??
Fibroscartilaginous amphiarthroses (symphysis)
between bodies C2-L5
glide and slightly rotate
what are the primary shock absorbers in the spine?
Intervertebral discs and bodies of the vertebrae
what joint is the atlantoaxial joint
pivot joint (diarthroses)
What joint is the occipitoalanto joint and movement
Condyloid joint (diarthroses) flexion/EXTension; lateral flexion/reduction
S1-S5
fused synarthroses joints
coccyx
fused synarthroses joints
another name for facet joints?
apophyseal joints
facet joints or apophyseal joints movements
gliding synovial joint
Transverse and spinous processes server as…
“outriggers” and are important attachment sites for muscles and ligaments. They increase the mechanical advantage of the muscle.
What is the primary purpose of the facet/apophyseal joints?
“guide” movement among the vertebrae
The inter body joints act as _____ and are very important for _____ _____.
spacers
shock absorption
T/F Large movement occurs between two adjacent vertebrae, therefore, trunk movement depends largely on the summation of these large movements. Typically we think in terms of regional movement such as “cervical” flexion or “thoracic” rotation.
False little movement occurs between two adjacent vertebrae
summation of small movements
The cervical region is highly mobile but cervical circumduction is contraindicated, why?
it damages the facet/apohysial joints
Thoracic region movements
some flexion/extension
hyperextension is limited
some rotation
Lumbar region movements
quite a bit of flexion and extension/hyperextension
limited rotation
T/F Movements involving the lumbar flexion under significant load (significant compression) are good for the intervertebral discs
False
Flexion with significant load is very irritating to the intervertebral discs
T/F Loaded lumbar flexion coupled with torsion is good, especially when the movement is ballistic.
False
its devastating
T/F Sometimes, it is good to perform spinal flexion and extension slowly…very slowly…with very light loads…to work the deep paraspinal muscles such as the multifidus, rotators, and interspinalis.
True
What is the main job of the torso muscles?
Stabilization
The torso is comprised of a high percentage of what muscle fiber type?
Slow twitch fibers for stabilization; therefore symmetry, balance, flexibility, and isometric strength are very important
lordosis
excessive lumbar lordosis, “swayback”
huge curve in low back
