The Urinary System

Question 1

Urinary system (4)

Answer 1

 Kidneys
 Ureters
 Urinary Bladder
 Urethra

Question 2

Functions of the urinary system (4)

Answer 2

 It gets rid of the waste products that are created when food is transformed into energy
 It maintains the correct balance of water and electrolytes (salts) within the body’s cells
 It produces hormones called erythropoietin and renin, which are important in maintaining healthy blood pressure, producing blood cells, and absorbing salt correctly
 It processes vitamin D.

Question 3

 Reddish, brown, paired, bean-shaped, compound tubular glands that secrete urine
 Averages 6-9cm in length, 4-5cm in width, 3-4cm in thickness; 25-35gms weight

Answer 3

Kidney

Question 4

 Both kidneys are __________, located
in the ________ region

Answer 4

retroperitoneal

sublumbar

Question 5

 In some lean animals, it is possible to examine kidneys by _____ ________ __________

Answer 5

deep abdominal palpation

Question 6

◦ The kidneys (esp the left one) are less firmly attached in ___ than in ___.

Answer 6

cat

dog

Question 7

Which kidney is more cranial

Answer 7

R kidney

Question 8

• Each kidney lobe consists of a _________ ______ and its associated cortex.

Answer 8

Medullary pyramid

Question 9

• A _____ ______ is defined as a portion of the kidney containing those _______ that are served by a common collecting duct.

Answer 9

Renal lobule

Nephrons

Question 10

covers the surface of the kidney (very strong)

Answer 10

Capsula fibrosa

Question 11

an oval opening at the medial border that transmits the ureter, renal a&v, lymph vessels and nerves

Answer 11

Renal hilus

Question 12

open space in the kidney

Answer 12

Renal sinus

Question 13

funnel-shaped sac-like structures, connected to the ureter, that collects urine from the collecting ducts of the kidney

Answer 13

Renal pelvis

Question 14

part of the medulla that projects into the renal pelvis

Answer 14

Renal crest

Question 15

inner parenchyma of the kidney; appears striated and lighter in color than the cortex

Answer 15

Medulla

Question 16

outer parenchyma of the kidney; appears granulated because of renal corpuscles & convoluted tubules

Answer 16

Cortex

Question 17

 basic unit of urine production
 composed of glomerulus + bowman’s capsule, collectively called renal or malpighian corpuscle

Answer 17

Nephron

Question 18

 after twisting and coiling of convoluted tubule, it will pass through a narrow pathway called ____ __ _____
 then the urine will go to the collecting ducts
 And pathway continues…

Answer 18

Loop of Henle

Question 19

Urine pathway

Answer 19

glomerulus (renal corpuscle) –> proximal convoluted tubule –> descending loop of Henle –> loop of Henle –> ascending loop of Henle –> distal convoluted tubule –> collecting duct –> papillary duct –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder –> urethra –> out of the body

Question 20

Kidney is highly _______

Answer 20

vascular

Question 21

 Nerve supply of kidney:

Answer 21

vagus nerve or CN X

Question 22

*Vessels and Nerves

Answer 22

Aorta –> renal a. –> segmented a. –> interlobar a. –> arcuate a. –> interlobular a. –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus (renal corpuscle) –> efferent arteriole –> venule – > interlobular v. –> arcuate v. –> interlobar v. –> renal v. –>caudal vena cava

Question 23

*Anomaly of the kidneys

_________ ______are more common in dogs (an autosomal dominant inherited disease in bull terriers) than in cats and pigs

Answer 23

Polycystic kidneys

Question 24

*Anomaly

(very small kidney)

Answer 24

Hypoplasia

Question 25

*Anomaly ( failure of one kidney to develop)

Answer 25

Aplasia

Question 26

*Anomaly (bilateral rudimentary development)

Answer 26

Hypogenesia

Question 27

*Anomaly associated with hypertension in the first decade of life

Answer 27

unilateral hypoplasia

Question 28

 Fibromuscular, slightly flattened tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder  Length depends on the size of the animal  Begins in the renal pelvis & run into bladder

Answer 28

Ureter

Question 29

_____ ureter is slightly longer than the Left due to more cranial position of the R kidneys

Answer 29

Right

Question 30

Ureter is Longer in _____ than in _______

Answer 30

males females

Question 31

*Ureter Blood supply: (2)

Answer 31

renal a. urogenital a.

Question 32

 Duplication of ureters  Dilatation of renal pelvis due to obstruction of ureters (calculi, tumors, etc)

Answer 32

Anomalies of the ureter

Question 33

 Hollow, musculomembranous organ that stores urine  May hold 100-120 ml of urine for dogs weighing 11- 13kgs  Divided into neck and body

Answer 33

Urinary Bladder

Question 34

*Urinary Bladder ◦ Neck has a triangular area called _____ ______ – meaning it has no mucosal folds

Answer 34

vesical trigone

Question 35

*Urinary Bladder Blood supply: (2)

Answer 35

cranial vesical artery (br. of umbilical a.) caudal vesical artery (br. of urogenital a.)

Question 36

*Urinary Bladder Nerve supply: (3)

Answer 36

pudendal n. hypogastric n. pelvic n.

Question 37

Lymphatics of the bladder drain into the ______ _____ and ______ ____ ____

Answer 37

internal iliac lumbar lymph nodes

Question 38

 Strictures of the neck of the bladder  Enlarged prostate may be the indirect cause of dilatation of the bladder

Answer 38

Anomalies of the urinary bladder

Question 39

◦ It is the most common prostatic disorder and is found in most intact male dogs >6 yr old

Answer 39

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 40

 Canal that conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body  Longer in males (10-35cm) than in females (7-10cm)

Answer 40

Urethra

Question 41

*Blood supply of the kidney Blood vessels enter / leave the kidney at the hilus. The _____ ______ branches into _________ ________ within the renal sinus.

Answer 41

Renal artery Segmental arteries

Question 42

*Blood supply of the kidneys, cont. These segmental arteries give rise to __________ ________, which run in the renal columns between the renal pyramids. At the junction of the medulla and cortex, the interlobar arteries branch at right angles, forming _______ ________ that run between the cortex and medulla. Coming off of the arcuate arteries at a right angle are ___________ ________, which run in the cortex. All these arteries have accompanying veins.

Answer 42

Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries