The vertebral column Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the primary function of the spine?
To support the body’s weight and protect the spinal cord
The spine serves as a pillar for the body and protects the spinal cord.
How many natural curves does the spine have?
Three
These curves help distribute body weight evenly and withstand stress.
What are the three regions of the spine?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
What is the function of the cervical spine?
Cervical Spine (Neck): Uppermost part, 7 vertebrae (C1–C7)
Atlas & Axis: Top two vertebrae, form pivot joint for head movement
Function: Supports head, enables nodding
Curve: Lordotic (“C” shape, inward)
Example: Heading a football
What is the function of the thoracic spine?
Thoracic Spine (Chest): 12 vertebrae (T1–T12)
Rib Attachment: Ribs connect to thoracic vertebrae
Curve: Kyphotic (outward “C” shape)
Movement: Limited
What is the function of lumbar spine?
Lumbar Spine (Lower Back): 5 vertebrae (L1–L5)
Function: Connects thoracic spine to pelvis, supports body weight
Curve: Lordotic (inward “C” shape)
Movement: More than thoracic spine
What is the lordotic curve?
The inward curve of the cervical spine
It resembles a ‘C’ shape and allows nodding of the head.
What is the kyphotic curve?
The outward curve of the thoracic spine
It resembles a backward ‘C’.
What is the function of the sacrum?
To bear weight and attach the spine to the pelvis
The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae.
What is the coccyx also known as?
Tailbone
It is formed by the fusion of four smaller bones.
What type of joint is found between the Atlas and Axis?
Pivot joint
It allows rotation of the head.
What is a slightly moveable joint in the spine?
Joint between adjacent vertebrae
These joints allow slight movements in all directions.
What are facet joints?
Specialized joints that connect vertebrae
They allow movement and provide stability and flexibility.
What movements are available in the spine?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Hyperextension
- Lateral Flexion
- Rotation
What do intervertebral discs do?
Act as shock absorbers between vertebrae
They are made of strong tissue with a gel-like center.
What is the role of the spinal cord?
To send and receive messages from the brain
It controls movement and organ function.
Which nerves control the upper chest and arms?
Nerves of the cervical spine
These nerves also influence movement in these areas.
What are the protective functions of the spine?
- Protects the spinal cord
- Protects vital organs with thoracic vertebrae and ribs
What is the significance of the S-shape of the spine?
Provides strength and supports upright posture
The irregular bones allow peripheral nerves to pass through.
What are the advantages of the spinal column?
- Great strength
- Wide range of movement
What are the disadvantages of the spinal column?
- Potential stress from lifestyle or sport
- Common degenerative damage
True or False: Poor spinal posture can lead to injury.
True
Some postures are innate, while others develop over time.
Fill in the blank: The spinal column consists of irregular bones known as _______.
Vertebrae
What muscles attach to the spine to facilitate movement?
- Rectus abdominus
- Erector spinae
- Internal oblique
- External oblique
