The Vine & Vine Growth Cycle

Question 1

Define Photosynthesis

Answer 1

Process by which green plants use sunlight to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water

Question 2

What are 4 sections of the structure of a vine

Answer 2

1. One year old wood
2. Permanent wood
3. The roots
4. The shoots

Question 3

Is Pinot Noir clone 115 low or high yielding?

Answer 3

Low yield of small grapes

Question 4

Is Pinot Noir clone 521 low or high yielding?

Answer 4

High yield of bigger grapes

Question 5

What is it called when 2 parent grapes are from the same species?

Answer 5

Cross (Pinotage)

Question 6

What is it called when the 2 parent grapes are different species?

Answer 6

Hybrid (Vidal Blanc)

Question 7

What 5 things does a vine need?

Answer 7

1. Adequate Water
2. Sunlight
3. Warmth (photosynthesis, respiration)
4. Carbon Dioxide (photosynthesis)
5. Nutrients

Question 8

What 5 things does a vine need?

Answer 8

1. Adequate Water
2. Sunlight
3. Warmth (photosynthesis, respiration)
4. Carbon Dioxide (photosynthesis)
5. Nutrients

Question 9

When are vines dormant in the Northern and Southern hemisphere?

Answer 9

November to March in Northern Hemisphere
May to September in Southern Hemisphere

Question 10

At what temperature do vines go dormant?

Answer 10

10°c and below

Question 11

At which temperature can a vine be damaged by frost?

Answer 11

-20°c

Question 12

Which temperature will kill most v.vinifera?

Answer 12

-25°c

Question 13

When is budburst typically in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

Answer 13

March to April in Northern Hemisphere
September to October in Southern Hemisphere

Question 14

At which soil and air temperature will budburst begin?

Answer 14

Average temps above 10°c

Question 15

Why are regions with high continentality good for budburst?

Answer 15

The rapidly increasing temperatures in Spring can mean a more even budburst

Question 16

What does ‘early budding’ mean?

Answer 16

Grape variety that starts budburst at lower temp than others

Question 17

What are 2 examples of early budding varieties?

Answer 17

1. Chardonnay
2. Pinot Noir

Question 18

Name 2 late budding grape varieties

Answer 18

1. Sauvignon Blanc
2. Syrah

Question 19

When does shoot & leaf growth happen in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

Answer 19

March to July in Northern Hemisphere
September to January in Southern Hemisphere

Question 20

When does flowering & fruit set happen in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere?

Answer 20

May to June in Northern Hemisphere
November to December in Southern Hemisphere

Question 21

What is a compound bud?

Answer 21

It is a bud that forms in one growing season and breaks open in the next growing season.
They are made up of a primary bud and smaller secondary & buds.

Question 22

What is a prompt bud?

Answer 22

A bud that forms on the compound bud and breaks open in the same growing season. They produce lateral shoots

Question 23

What are the 5 components of a grape?

Answer 23

1. Pulp
2. Skin
3. Seeds
4. Bloom
5. Stem

Question 24

What is a teinturier variety?

Answer 24

A grape variety with red coloured pulp

Question 25

What does a grape's pulp contain?

Answer 25

Water, sugars, acids and aromas

Question 26

What is one year old wood?

Answer 26

The shoots from previous growing season that were not removed at pruning. Will be either a cane or a spur depending on pruning.

Question 27

What is permanent wood?

Answer 27

Woody parts of the vine that are older than one year old including the trunk. Some vines have one or more horizontal arms of permanent wood, called cordons

Question 28

When does flowering typically take place?

Answer 28

8 weeks after budburst

Question 29

Describe Coloure

Answer 29

A condition in which fruit set has failed for a high proportion of flowers. It occurs when ovule fertilisation is unsuccessful and therefore no grape develops

Question 30

What is the cause of Coloure?

Answer 30

Coloure is caused by an imbalance in carbohydrate levels. It can result from low rates of photosynthesis or vigorous shoot growth

Question 31

Describe Millerandage

Answer 31

A condition of the grape bunch where there is a high proportion of seedless grapes

Question 32

When does Grape Development happen in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

Answer 32

June to September in the Northern Hemisphere. December to March in the Southern Hemisphere

Question 33

Why are sandy soils better for budburst in cooler climates?

Answer 33

Dry, free draining spils warm up quicker - so they are better in cooler climates where an earlier start to budburst improves chances of ripening

Question 34

Name two early ripening grapes

Answer 34

Chardonnay Pinot Noir

Question 35

Name two late ripening grapes

Answer 35

Cabernet Sauvignon Grenache