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Anatomy > The Viscera > Flashcards

The Viscera Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

External oblique origin

A

Lower eight ribs

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2
Q

External oblique insertions

A

The iliac crest, pubic tubercle and pubic crest

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3
Q

Internal oblique origins

A

Lumbar sacia, iliac crest and the lateral two thirds of the inguinal ligament

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4
Q

Transversus abdominis origins

A

Inner surfaces of lower six ribs, lumbar fascia, iliac crest and lateral third of inguinal ligament

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5
Q

Transversus abdominis insertions

A

Linea alba via aponeurosis which contributes to posterior wall of rectus sheath

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6
Q

Rectus abdominis origins

A

From pubic symphysis and the pubic crest

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7
Q

Rectus abdominis insertions

A

5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilages

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8
Q

Transversus fascia

A

Layer of fascia deep to the transverses abdomens, separating from the parietal peritoneum and exztraperitoneal fat

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9
Q

Abdominal muscle innveration

A

segmentally innervated by spinal nerves T7 to L1

Lie between internal oblique and the transverses abdominis

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10
Q

T7

A

Just below xiphisternum

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11
Q

L1

A

Suprapubic region

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12
Q

T10

A

Umbilicus

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13
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lining the walls

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14
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Covering the viscera

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15
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

Organs suspended in the peritoneal cavity

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16
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Continuous lining of abdominal walls by parietal peritoneum forming a sac

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17
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Organs outside peritoneal cavity, with only one surface or part of one surface covered by peritoneum

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18
Q

SADPUCKER

A

Suprarenal glands, aorta/IVC, Duodenum, Pancreas, ureters, Colon, Kidneys, oEsophagus and Rectum

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19
Q

Greater omentum

A

Derived from dorsal mesentary
Two layers
Peritoneal fold attaches to greater curvature of the stomach and first part of duodenum
Drapes inferiorly over transverse colon, jejunum and ileum
Ascends to the peritoneum on superior surface of the transverse colon and anterior layer of transverse mesocolon
Before arriving at posterior abdominal wall

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20
Q

Small intestine

A

Major site of digestion and absorption
2-7m long
Extends from the pylorus to the oleo-caecal junction

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21
Q

Duodenum

A

C-shaped
Curves around head of pancreas
Retroperitoneal
Divided into 4 parts

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22
Q

Jejunum

A

Lining more tightly folded into plicate circulares
Only 1 or 2 arcades
Appears pinker due to richer blood supply

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23
Q

Ileum

A 
More mesenteric fat
Narrower lumen
Prominent Peyer's patches
More arcades (3,4, or more)
Shorter vase rectae
Thinner walls with less pilcae circularis
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24
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum

A

Found 10cm from end of ileum
Remnant of vitelline duct
2-5% of population
mimics symptoms of appendicitis if inflamed

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25
Blood supply of small intestine
Superior mesenteric artery, branch of abdominal aorta | Enters mesentery as it crosses 3rd part of duodenum
26
Large intestine
Begins at oleo-caecal valve in the right iliac fossa | Ascending and descending colon are retroperitoneal
27
Caecum
Dilating blind ending commencement of large intestine | Located in iliac fosa
28
Appendix
Attached to posteromedial surface of the caecum | Essentially useless
29
Ascending colon
Retroperitoneal | Ascends towards liver, where it turns left to become the hepatic flexure
30
Transverse colon
Intraperitoneal | Extends from hepatic flexure to splenic flexure
31
Descending colon
Retroperitoneal | Lies on posterior abdominal wall muscles and closely related to left ureter
32
Sigmoid colon
Intraperitoneal Extends from pelvis brim to rectosigmoid junction S-shaped
33
Large intestine key characteristics
Large internal diameter Peritoneal-covered accumulations of fat Taeniae coli haustrations
34
Taeniae coli
3 bands of longitudinal smooth muscle on outer surface of large intestine Start at base of the vermiform appendix and fuse to form a continuous layer at the rectosigmoidal junction
35
Haustrations
Taeniae coli are less distensible than the adjacent gut wall which bulges repeatedly to form hese
36
Ascending colon arterial supply
The colic branch, anterior caecal artery and posterior canal artery all from the ileocalic artery
37
Arterial supply of transverse colon
Right colic and middle colic artery from superior mesenteric | Left colic artery from interior mesenteric
38
Coeliac trunk
Supplies foregut: oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
39
Splenic artery
Arises from coeliac trunk | Supplies the spleen
40
Midgut arterial supply
Superior mesenteric artery | 2nd part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending and transverse colon
41
Hindgut arterial supply
Supplied by inferior mesenteric artery | Distal 3rd transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal
42
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior pancreatic duodenal, middle colic, right colic and ileocolic
43
Inferior mesenteric artery
Left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal
44
Liver falciform ligament
Attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall, creates division between left and right lobes of liver. Contains ligament teres
45
Ligamentum teres
In liver falciform ligament | Remanant of umbilical vein
46
Coronary ligament
Attaches superior surface of liver to inferior surface of diaphragm and demarcates the liver bare area. Anterior and posterior folds unite to form triangular ligament on right and left lobes
47
triangular ligaments
Left and right formed by coronary ligament around bare area Attaches left and right lobe to diaphragm
48
Quadrate lobe
Bounded by the gallbladder and groove for ligament tires. inferior
49
Caudate lobe
Bounded by ligament venous and IVC | Superior
50
Ligamentum venosum
Remnant of ductus venous which was a vein during fatal life shunting blood from portal vein to IVC
51
Hepatic artery
branch of coeliac trunk | Divides into R and L branches that enter portages hepatis
52
hepatic portal vein
75% of blood Supplies partially deoxygenated blood Carrying nutrients absorbed from small intestine Divides into right and left terminal branches that enter portal hepatic behind the arteries
53
hepatic veins
Where blood leaves the liver, join to IVC | Emerge from posterior liver surface
54
Gallbladder
On visceral surface of liver In fossa between right and caudate lobes Concentrates and stores bile produced by liver
55
Gallbladder blood supply
Arterial - cystic artery from right hepatic artery | Venous - Cystic veins directly into portal vein
56
Biliary tree
gastrointestinal duct series allowing bile to be synthesised and stored Initially secreted from hevptacytes and drains into r and l hepatic ducts Ducts join to form common hepatic duct, runs along hepatic vein As it descends it is joined by the cystic duct and forms common bile duct Joined by hepatopancreatic ampulla which is then emptied into duodenum
57
Ampulla of vater
Hepatopancreatic ampulla | Regulated by sphincter of Oddi
58
Blood supply of biliary tree
Arterial - cystic artery Venous of neck via cystic veins to portal vein Venous of funds and body flows into hepatic sinusoids
59
Pancreas
Endocrine and exocrine functions | Retroperitoneal
60
Pancreas head
Widest part, lies within C-shaped curve created by duodenum and is connected via connective tissue
61
Pancreas uncinate process
Projection arising from lower part of head and extending medially to lie beneath the body Lies posterior to superior mesenteric vessels
62
Pancreas Neck
Overlies superior mesenteric vessels which form a groove in its posterior aspect
63
Pancreas body
Centrally located, crossing midline of body to lie behind stomach and to left of superior mesenteric vessels
64
Pancreas tail
Left end of pancreas lies within close proximity to spleen hilum Contained within splenorenal ligament with splenic vessels Intraperitoneal
65
Blood supply of pancreas
Predominantly via coeliac trunk, mainly splenic artery Also pancreas-duodenal branch of superior mesenteric Superior mesenteric branches of hepatic portal veins drain head Splenic vein drains rest of pancreas
66
Pancreatic duct system
main duct extends from tail of pancreas to hepatopancreatic ampulla Interlobular ducts join the main ducts vertically
67
Stomach cardia
Surrounds the superior opening of the stomach at the T11 level
68
Oesophagus
Penetrates the diaphragm at the level of T10 to the left of midline and enters the stomach
69
Stomach fundus
Rounded often gas filled portion superior to and left of the cardia
70
Stomach body
Serves a s a reservoir where food is mixed with gastric juices, inferior to the fundus
71
Stomach pylorus
connects stomach to duodenum | Divided into the pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter.
72
Pyloric sphincter
Demarcates the transpyloric plane at L1
73
Stomach greater curvature
Forms long, convex, lateral stomach border. Short gastric arteries and both R and L gastro-omental arteries supply branches here
74
Stomach lesser curvature
Forms the shorter, concave, medial surface of the stomach Most inferior part of this = angular notch - indicates junction of body and pyloric region Attachment to hepatogastric ligament and supplied by left gastric artery and right gastric branch of the hepatic artery
75
Inferior oesophageal sphincter
level of T11 | Allows food to pass through cardiac orifice into the stomach
76
Pyloric sphincter
Between pylorus and duodenum Controls exit of chyme from stomach Contains smooth muscle to limit discharge through orifice
77
Right gastric artery
Branch of common hepatic artery, arises from colic trunk
78
Left gastric artery
Arises directly from the coeliac trunk
79
Right gastro-mental artery
Terminal branch of gastroduodenal artery, which alrises from common hepatic artery
80
Left gastro-mental artery
Branch of splenic artery, arises from coeliac trunk
81
Gastrosplenic ligament
Anterior to splenic hilum, connect spleen to greater curvature
82
Splenorenal ligament
Posterior to splenic hilum, connects hilum to the left kidney

Anatomy (6 decks)

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