The Water Planet & Hydrology

Question 1

Liquid water covers about ____% of Earth’s surface

Answer 1

71

Question 2

Most of Earth’s water is in _______

Answer 2

The oceans

Question 3

Water that is not in the ocean can be found in ________

Answer 3

Ice sheets
Glaciers
Groundwater
Lakes
Streams
The atmosphere

Question 4

Hydrologic Cycle definition:

Answer 4

The constant exchange of water among the oceans, atmosphere and the continents

Question 5

Water enters the atmosphere by?

Answer 5

Evaporation

Question 6

What returns liquid water to the surface?

Answer 6

Precipitation

Question 7

What is infiltration?

Answer 7

A portion of water that soaks into the ground

Question 8

What is runoff?

Answer 8

Water that does not soak in the ground, it flows across the surface

Question 9

Groundwater:

Answer 9

Any water that is below the surface

Question 10

Where is groundwater found?

Answer 10

In soils or porous rocks

Question 11

Groundwater can be tapped for?

Answer 11

Wells or to supply artesian springs

Question 12

Zone of aeration:

Answer 12

Zone where most of the interconnected pores are filled with air

Question 13

Water table:

Answer 13

The surface below which the ground is saturated with air

Question 14

Zone of saturation:

Answer 14

Layer of soil where pores are filled with groundwater

Question 15

Impermeable rock:

Answer 15

The layer where water cannot penetrate

Question 16

Factors that determine whether water infiltrates:

Answer 16

Slope of the land

Porosity of the surface/ground

Permeable or not

Gravitational pull

Question 17

Pore space:

Answer 17

Unoccupied or void space between sediment particles

Question 18

Pore space can be filled with?

Answer 18

Air or water

Question 19

Pore space is measured by?

Answer 19

Packing solid in a container to measure the total volume; water is added just to the surface filling the empty space

Question 20

Porosity %:

Answer 20

Percentage of pore space; ability to hold groundwater

Question 21

Pore space depends on?

Answer 21

Shape: round is more porous that angular

Packing: loosely packed is more porous than tightly packed

Mixture: sorted is more porous than unsorted

Question 22

To determine permeability you can measure:

Answer 22

Flow time
&
Flow rate

Question 23

Flow time:

Answer 23

Time set for a set amount of water to flow through sediment (minutes/100mL)

Question 24

Flow rate:

Answer 24

Volume of water that flows through a given amount of sediment in a set amount of time (mL/minute)

Question 25

What is the difference between flow time and flow rate?

Answer 25

The measurement values are reversed

Question 26

What is permeability?

Answer 26

Measures of the flow of water through ground material

Question 27

What does permeability depend on?

Answer 27

The size of sediment particles because it is controlled by the connectivity of pore space and surface area

Question 28

Runoff exceeds...?

Answer 28

Permeability rate of the soil

Question 29

Runoff occurs when:

Answer 29

Slope is too steep Temperature is below 0c Souk is saturated

Question 30

Water retention:

Answer 30

The amount of water that is retained as water flows through sediments

Question 31

Water is retained on the surface so the greater the surface area, ________:

Answer 31

The higher the water retention