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History Year 11 > The Weimar Republic > Flashcards

The Weimar Republic Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Germany initially feel about ww1 ?

A

1-Quick war won in victory
2-Time for the nation to come together and to become an fully united Germany.
3-Germany would “secure its place” of power
4-Kaiser/Parties = highly supportive of WW1 “I no longer see parties I see only Germans”

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2
Q

What was Germanys initial approach to the WW1?

A

1-Most major political parties supported the war effort
2-Millions of germans willingly signed up to the fight
3-“Sprit of 1914”-Nationalism surged in popularity

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3
Q

How was Germany impacted as the war went on ?

A

1-Inflation made everyday goods unaffordable
2-Avg $ Rye flour increased by 2,567% from 0.15 to 1.85/4.00 on BM
3-British Blockade cut off goods + Army priority
4- Factories prioritised to produce arms
5-Lack of workers + Increased work on women at home

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4
Q

What happened to the SDP during WW1 ?

A

1-Russian revolution = Split in SDP
2-1912-SDP=34.8%=110/397 Rseats
3-Majority=Advocate for Social/Democrat,pro war
4-Minioirty=Advocate for Soviet style /dictatorship,anti war.

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5
Q

What political party formed in April of 1917/18 ?

A

Radicals split off to form their own independent social democratic party “Communist party of Germany”/KPD by 1918

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6
Q

Outline the details of the Kiel Mutiny

A

1.By 1918=Became clear that Germany had lost
2.Spring offensive had failed = Frustration + feelings of dishonour
3.24th Oct 1918-Naval command wanted to initiate an sucide attack agst Great Britains fleet
4-Most sailors mutinying
5-News spread = Simlier events happening
6-9 Nov = Kaiser abdicated as revolts increased

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7
Q

What is important to note about the Kiel Mutiny ?

A

1-The workers didn’t mutiny for political reason but rather out of frustration and exhaustion to the fighting.
2-Great Britains navy was roughly 60% larger

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8
Q

Outline problems of the proclamation of the Weimar republic

A

1-Ebert was an “social democrat” whilst other members were strong communists
2-Despite wanting to establish an constitutional monarchy,Socialists in Bavaria had already declared Germany a republic
3-Signing of TOV=Felt dishonourable/Undermining

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9
Q

list the Weimar political parties

A

Left Wing=Commuists (KPD) + Social Democarts

Right Wing=German Nationalist party + National socialist party

Centre Party=Democratic Party + Catholic centre party

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10
Q

List some common values of left wing parties

A

-Greater Gov Involvement
-Labour Unions
-Progressive Taxation
-Economic Opportunities for women
-Equality among groups
-Russian style or Democracy

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11
Q

List some common values of right wing parties

A

-Traditional roles esp for Women
-X Social Welfare
-Industries ran by landowners + Industrialists
-Strong powerful Millterys
-Monarchy

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12
Q

List common values of centre parties

A

-Genuinely sympathetic to the left wing parties
-Drawn to religious values/Upholdment esp Catholicism
-combination of trad + progressive views
-Republic

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13
Q

Outline details of the Spartacist Uprising ( 5-12 January 1919)

A

-Originally an violent group within KDP ( Communist party)
-5th Jan=Saked respected chief of police = Mass protests + strikes
-100,000s of workers
-Seize control of gov/news buildings
-Workers + Freikorp = Resized control through violent response = 100 Spartacist + civilians death
=Alienation of Eberts top left wing supporters + Undermining of gov

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14
Q

Who were the Freikorp ?

A

An group of right wing militias made up of former wartime soldiers

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15
Q

Give Key details of the Paris Peace conference

A

18th Jan 1919 = Beginning + Lasts an year
Led by “ France,Great Britain and USA”
-Based on USA “ 14 points”
-Led to an big surprise of harsh treatments for Germany

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16
Q

List an few of these points

A

-Open Diplomacy
-Economic Free Trade
-Equal Trade conditions
-Adjust colonial claims

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17
Q

What did Germany first expect from the conference ?

A

-Limited punishment
-Rebuilding of destroyed territories in France
-Maintaining of taken lands eg in Poland
-X acknowledgement of germanys “loss”

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18
Q

What was Frances approach ?

A

Maintain peace, punish and weaken Germany

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19
Q

What was USA’s approach ? To punishing Germany ?

A

Avoid another war, Reconciliation not revenge

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20
Q

What was Great Britains approach ?

A

Openly as harsh as France but internally ensure security of Great Britain through less harsh punishments

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21
Q

How big was the election turnout for 1919

A

30.5 milllion (83% of registered voters)

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22
Q

What is GARGLE ?

A

GUILT=Germany is the one to blame
ARMED FORCES= Army = 100,000/X conscription
REPARATIONS= 6,600 million marks until 1984
GERMANS IN OTHER NATIONS=12.5% of pop lost to given land back to fr/independent nations.
LOSS OF TERRITORIES=10% EU,16% Coal production/Overseas 100%
EXTRA POINTS=League of Nations

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23
Q

What does the G stand for in gargle ?

A

Guilt=Germany had to accept the war blame.

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24
Q

What does the A stand for in gargle ?

A

Armed forces = Limited to

100,000
No conscription
No Submarines
No planes
Rhineland= X

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25
What does the R stand for in gargle ?
Reparations= 6,600 marks by 1984
26
What does the second G stand for in gargle ?
Lost Germans= 12.5% of the population No union with Austria
27
What does the L stand for in gargle ?
LOSS of Territory 10%=EU 16%=Coal Production sites 48%=Iron Industry All overseas colonies + Rhineland
28
What does the E stand for in gargle ?
Formation of the League of Nations
29
Coalition government made for ?......
unstable government - Richard Evans 2004, The coming of third Reich
30
Outline Weakness of the Constitution
-Proportional Representation -Powers of President ( Article 48) -Civil Service / Military Independence
31
List Details of the Constitution (First Part)
Enact= 11 Aug 1919 Universal Sufferege = Over 20 Reich Council = Appointed by state gov and based on pop Prussia still the most powerful state Reichstag = Elect 4 Years President = 7 year Terms
32
List Details of the Constitution ( Second Part)
Every German Citizen = Equal Abolishment of "noble titles" Rights of individuals = Guaranteed Constitution Free Public Schooling Right to form unions
33
List some human rights in Weimars constitution
-Freedom of speech -Freedom of Warship -Freedom to from Unions -Right to use native languages -Public schooling till 18
34
Why was Proportional Representation an flaw ?
-Impossible for an single party to win majority -Huge disagreement of laws b/w parties -Nothing getting done / Slow -1919-1933=20 different cabinets -Encouraged extreme political parties (KPD/Nazis)
35
What is Proportional representation?
-Every vote is equal/ No vote is worth more or less -5% Vote = 5% Seats
36
What was Article 48 ?
President able to act without Reichstags approval in an "emergency" Civil Liberties/Rights suspended
37
Why was Article 48 flawed ?
-Emergency not properly defined -Regularly abused = 1923-1925 = Used 136 times -Civil Liberties eg Rights = Suspended -Duration not stated
38
How were civil services and the military largely independent from the gov ?
-Swore oath to the nation not to the gov -Many extremely right wing -Many worked before the gov = X loyal to Weimar -Military worked outside of gov control - Running of own affairs "state within state"
39
Why was this independence an flaw ?
-Unloyal to the state -Armed and Numbered = Increasing chances of spreading/ Enocourging right wing values. -Saw right wing extremists as "protecters"
40
What was the total cost of WW1 ?
$40 Billion or 1.1 trillion in todays money
41
What was the German economy like in the 1920s ?
-Crippled by the war -Agricultural output was 60% of what it was before WW1 -1917=35% Black Market Trade -1918=Industrial output was just 57% of its 1913 value. -Didn't exceed pre WW1 values till 1928
42
How much reparations was Germany expected to pay ?
6,600 Marks / 132 billion gold marks
43
How much was Germany expected to pay in annual payments ?
2,200 mill gold marks + 25 % duty on exports
44
The German people were....
expecting victory not defeat... -Dr Ruth Henig (1995)
45
What was the policy of fulfilment ?
An plan to reduce the demanded reparations from the French by crippling the German economy through mass inflation
46
Why did the policy of Fulfilment fail ?
-The French not willing to back down from demanded amount
47
What resulted as result of the failed payments ?
1923 Invasion of the Ruhr
48
What was the 1923 Invasion
-French invaded Ruhr -60,000 French + Belgian Troops invaded -French took control for 8 months -French worked in the mines + 100,000 troops to protect -1000s Workers removed -Iron + Steel factories taken by the troops
49
What resulted after the invasion ?
-150,000 expelled from homes -132 Germans killed -Huge rise in an anti-french feeling in Germany -Uniting of parties as an result of united hatred for the French
50
Why was the Ruhr so important ?
-Produced 69% of Germanys coal -Produced 65% of Germanys steel -Kept Germany running industrially -Located next to the demilitarised Rhineland.
51
Define Hyperinflation
The rapid excessive and out of control price increase
52
The price he got for it was...
enough to pay off the whole cost of the herd. -Guttman & Meehan 1976
53
Outline some causes of Germanys period of hyperinflation during the 1920s
-French Invasion of Ruhr -Passive Resistance within the Ruhr -Blockade cutting of industrial sites from the Ruhr. -Gov paying Ruhr workers = Loss of trillions -Gov spending 700% of what it was earning
54
How did Germany try to keep the economy afloat during this period ? (Hyperinflation)
-Printing of banknotes -300 Paper Mills + 2,000 Printing shops used -↑ Printed out $ = ↓ in $ value
55
Outline some impacts of Hyperinflation for Germany in the 1920s.
-By 1923 the Us dollar was worth = 4,210,500,000,000 German Marks -Price increases multiple times an day -People resulted to bartering/ Trading b/c $ = worthless -Hyperinflation damaged respect to the Weimar Gov -Increased support to radical parties =1924 Elections - Communist party gaining 58 additional seats.
56
Who Benefited from HyperInflation ?
-Borrowers = Able to pay off loans in seconds b/c of ↓ $$ value -Farmers products remained in high demand = Easily receive high payment -Wage based works = Wages changed everyday
57
Who suffered most from Hyperinflation ?
-Employers = Unable to pay workers = 13.5% Unemployed by 1924 -People on fixed incomes-$$ didn't increase -People on pension - X Increase in pension pay -Veterans, Widows, Orphans, Unemployed
58
When was the golden age of the Weimar Republic ?
1924-1929
59
Why was this a time of economic prosperity for the working class ? (Golden age)
-Dawes Plan = Fund of industry -Real Value of WC wages ↑ from 9% in 1927 to an ↑ of 12% in 1928. -By 1929=Considered the best payed in the EU -Conditions,Hours,Pay all improved greatly -Factory workers = Payed the equivalent or more then professionals.
60
Why was this a time of economic setbacks for the middle class ?
-Working class + Middle Class payed relatively the same wages -50% = Not eligible for unemployment benefits -↑ Unemployment all time high by April 1929 = 184,000 Middle class- workers = Unemployed
61
Why was this a time of economic setback especially for farmers ?

History Year 11 (4 decks)

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