The Whole Picture

Question 1

What are effects of growth hormone?

Answer 1

Increases protein synthesis; stimulate cell division; stimulates cells to enlarge

Question 2

Releasing and release, inhibiting hormones from the ________ reach the anterior pituitary through the hypophyseal portal veins

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Somatotropin is more commonly known as what hormone?

Answer 3

Growth hormone

Question 4

What is a portal system? 

Answer 4

A system of veins between two capillary beds

Question 5

Somatotropes

Answer 5

Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 6

Mammatropes

Answer 6

PRL

Question 7

Thyrotropes

Answer 7

TSH

Question 8

Corticotropes

Answer 8

ACTH

Question 9

Gonadotropes

Answer 9

FSH and LH

Question 10

What are all molecular effects of growth hormone on target cells?

Answer 10

It increases the rate at which cells use fats as a source of energy; it stimulates liver cells to release glucose in the blood; it enhances the movement of amino acids across plasma membranes

Question 11

The hypothalamus can release the hormone soma to statin, which…

Answer 11

Inhibit secretion of growth, hormone by the pituitary gland

Question 12

Released by the anterior pituitary, the ________ hormone stimulates, cell division, increases proteins synthesis, and causes bone elongation.

Answer 12

Growth

Question 13

Describe how secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland is controlled.

Answer 13

A combination of stimulating and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus controls prolactin levels

Question 14

What is the role of prolactin?

Answer 14

It’s sustains milk, production after birth

Question 15

What are target tissues of growth hormone?

Answer 15

Muscles; bones; adipose tissue

Question 16

How does growth hormone affect the metabolism of most body cells?

Answer 16

It decreases the rate at which cells obtain and use glucose.

Question 17

The hypothalamus secretes, prolactin inhibiting hormone, which has been identified as…

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

Does secretion of growth hormone vary during the day and if so, how?

Answer 18

Yes. Secretion of growth hormone peaks during sleep.

Question 19

Muscle and bone cells, in particular, are targeted by…

Answer 19

Growth hormone

Question 20

What controls prolactin secretion?

Answer 20

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

Question 21

The hypothalamus can release the hormone somatostatin which…

Answer 21

Inhibit secretion of growth, hormone by the pituitary gland

Question 22

The thyroid gland is the target organ of which hormone?

Answer 22

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 23

What would stimulate the release of thyroid stimulating hormone?

Answer 23

Decreased levels of thyroid hormone; increased levels of thyrotropin, releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 24

Memory glands produce milk in response to stimulation by the hormone…

Answer 24

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 25

Another name for the thyroid stimulating hormone is…

Answer 25

Thyrotropin

Question 26

The adrenal cortex is the largest organ of…

Answer 26

Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)

Question 27

The hypothalamus secretes, prolactin inhibiting hormone, which has been identified as…

Answer 27

Dopamine

Question 28

The _________ regulates the secretion of ACTH by secreting corticotropin releasing hormone.

Answer 28

Hypothalamus

Question 29

Which of the following organs contain the target cells of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 29

Testes and ovaries

Question 30

What are the functions of FSH?

Answer 30

It stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogens ; it promotes growth and development of egg containing follicles in the ovaries; it stimulates production of sperm cells in males

Question 31

What hormone promotes secretion of sex hormones in both males and females and is essential for the release of egg cells from the ovaries?

Answer 31

FSH

Question 32

What pituitary hormone controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

Answer 32

ACTH

Question 33

The hypothalamus secretes _______, which stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH.

Answer 33

GnRH

Question 34

What would result in an increased release of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

Answer 34

Increased stress levels; increased levels of corticotropin releasing hormone; decreased levels of adrenal, cortical hormones

Question 35

What hormone functions to stimulate estrogen secretion in the ovary and sperm production in the testes?

Answer 35

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 36

What is a function of luteinizing hormone?

Answer 36

It stimulates the secretion of sex, hormones in both sexes

Question 37

The hypothalamus secretes ______ releasing hormone, which controls the secretion of luteinizing hormone.

Answer 37

Gonadotropin

Question 38

The two hormones that are made by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary are ______ hormone and ________.

Answer 38

Antidiuretic; oxytocin

Question 39

Anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin are synthesized in the ________. Nerve impulses caused their release from the ______ into the bloodstream.

Answer 39

Hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

Question 40

What are the functions of FSH?

Answer 40

It stimulates production of sperm cells in males; it promotes growth and development of egg containing follicles in the ovaries; it stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogens

Question 41

The general term for any substance that increases urine production is…

Answer 41

Diuretic

Question 42

ADH is an ________ that targets the_______, conserving water.

Answer 42

Antidiuretic; kidneys

Question 43

What causes the release of ADH in oxytocin from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 43

Nerve impulses from the hypothalamus

Question 44

What is the effect of ADH?

Answer 44

It regulates the concentration of body fluids

Question 45

Vasopressin is also known as…

Answer 45

ADH

Question 46

ADH binds to two different types of receptors on two different target cells. As a result, it’s mechanism of action in the two types of target cells is different. What are the two mechanisms of action?

Answer 46

A second messenger system using cAMP; a second messenger system using inositol triphosphate

Question 47

Specific neurons, located in the brain, called ___________, since changes in the concentration of body fluids, and control, the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone.

Answer 47

Osmoreceptors

Question 48

What are the two effects of antidiuretic hormone or ADH?

Answer 48

Water retention; vasoconstriction

Question 49

What would cause an increased release of ADH from the pituitary gland?

Answer 49

Increased osmotic pressure in the blood; decreased water intake; decreased blood volume

Question 50

How does an anti-diuretic affect urine production?

Answer 50

It decreases it

Question 51

Drinking alcohol, inhibits the secretion of ADH. What happens as a result of that?

Answer 51

Increased urination

Question 52

What is another name for anti-diuretic hormone?

Answer 52

Vasopressin

Question 53

ADH binds to V1 receptors on ______ and V2 receptors on _______.

Answer 53

Smooth muscle and blood vessels; collecting ducts in kidneys

Question 54

What disorder is associated with ADH is in ability to conserve water through the kidneys, either due to a receptor defect or lack of ADH secretion?

Answer 54

Diabetes insipidus

Question 55

What would cause an increase in release of ADH?

Answer 55

Dehydration

Question 56

What are functions of oxytocin?

Answer 56

Stimulates uterine muscles to contract; stimulates mammary glands to release milk

Question 57

Oxytocin is a hormone that may be given intravenously during induction of labor to stimulate uterine contractions.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

Specific neurons, located in the brain, called _________, since changes in the concentration of body fluids and control, the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone.

Answer 58

Osmoreceptors

Question 59

What are some potential rules of oxytocin and males?

Answer 59

It may stimulate movement of fluids in the reproductive tract during sexual activity; it may play a role during penis erection; it may stimulate sperm motility during sexual activity

Question 60

What are thyroid follicles?

Answer 60

Sacs in the thyroid filled with thyroglobulin