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The Wind Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Under what conditions are gusts reported by an ATC?

A

Change of speed is not less than 10kt when compared to the mean wind speed

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2
Q

What is an indication of a large pressure gradient?

A

Closely spaced isobars and strong wind

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3
Q

You fly with left drift in the NH, how does the surface pressure change then?

A

The surface pressure increases

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4
Q

Which forces need to be balanced for the geostrophic wind to occur?

A

Pressure gradient force (PGF) and Coriolis force (CF)

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5
Q

Due to the Coriolis Force (CF), the wind…

A

Veers in the NH, and backs in the SH

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6
Q

An anemometer can be used to measure…

A

Wind speed

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7
Q

What is the expected direction and speed of wind 2000ft above LHR, if surface wind is 190°/20kts?

A

220°/40kts

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8
Q

Natural tendency of the air is that it flows

A

From high pressure to low pressure

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9
Q

The main reason for the occurrence of the wind is…

A

Pressure gradient force (PGF)

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10
Q

Minimum speed for the wind to be classed as a hurricane

A

63kts

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11
Q

Where should an anemometer be placed? (Measures surface wind)

A

10m above the level of an aerodrome

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12
Q

In high-pressure systems, when is the wind strongest?

A

The wind tends to be strongest in the early afternoons.

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13
Q

The greater the horizontal pressure gradient, the… (isobars and wind are)

A

Closer the isobars are to each other, and the stronger the wind

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14
Q

Anti-clockwise wind direction is also known as

A

Backing

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15
Q

When the wind is on your back (NH), the pressure…

A

The surface pressure decreases

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16
Q

30 m/S in kt

A

60 kts

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17
Q

Is the wind at 40°N, 50°N or 60°N strongest?

A

The wind blowing at the latitude 40°N is the strongest

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18
Q

The same Pressure gradient force (PGF) will cause stronger wind

A

At lower latitudes

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19
Q

What is the difference between gradient winds and geostrophic winds?

A

Shape of isobars

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20
Q

The greater the horizontal pressure gradient, the (isobars and wind)

A

Closer the isobars to each other and the stronger the wind

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21
Q

Name the wind that blows as a result of air warming on the slope of a mountain

A

Anabatic wind

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22
Q

Diurnal variations of temperature result in the arise of

A

Sea and land breezes

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23
Q

Where do trade winds blow from

A

Subtropical anticyclones towards the equator

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24
Q

Conditions most favourable to the formation of mountain waves

A

The wind of 30kts blowing within 20° of the perpendicular to the ridge

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25
What is the Hadley cell?
A cell formed by the air ascending over the thermal equator and descending above the subtropical area
26
Most frequent direction of the wind blowing along the slopes of a mountain during the day
Up the slopes
27
What is the katabatic wind?
A flow of cold air down the slopes of a mountain
28
Regions of severe turbulence appearing below mountain waves, directly beneath their crests are called?
Rotors
29
What is the horizontal extension of sea breezes blowing at temperature latitudes?
Between 15 km (8NM) and 25 km (14 NM) on both sides of the coastline
30
Wha is the sea breeze?
Wind blowing from sea to land during the day
31
Name of the wind that blows as a result of air warming on the slope of a mountain?
Anabatic wind
32
Typical distances between the core of a polar front jet stream and the surface positions of the associated fronts?
Around 200NM behind the cold front and about 400NM ahead of the warm front
33
In the NH, crossing a jet stream. The pilot notices the OAT is increasing. Therefore, the prevailing wind…
Blows from the right
34
What is true about mechanical turbulence?
Mechanical turbulence is caused by physical obstructions like buildings, trees and any irregularities of the terrain.
35
What is the main reason for the formation of a polar front jet stream?
The strong temperature contrast between the cold polar and warm tropical air
36
At what pressure levels, is the core of the Arctic jet stream found?
Between 400 hPa and 300 hPa
37
What is the main reason for the formation of a polar front jet stream?
The strong temperature contrast between the cold polar and warm tropical air
38
What is true about the speed of a polar front jet stream core?
The speed of a polar front jet stream core is greater in winter than in summer
39
Which phenomenon is often associated with jet streams?
CAT
40
In the NH, a polar front jet stream blows…
Between latitudes of 40°N and 60°N
41
Which set of conditions are most favourable to the formation of turbulence?
Unstable air and rough ground
42
When is the thermal turbulence most pronounced?
During sunny days in the early afternoon
43
What is the main difference between the equatorial jet stream and every other jet stream?
Wind direction
44
Over some location in the NH, a polar front jet stream blows from N to S. Therefore,
The polar air is BELOW and EASTWARDS to the core of a jet stream
45
According to Buys Ballots law, when standing in the NH with our back to the wind, the cooler air mass…
Is on the left. low pressure is on the left
46
When flying from Bangkok to Mumbai at 34,000ft in August, the wind conditions are we experience are…
Tailwinds
47
What is the minimum speed for the wind to be classified as a jet stream?
60kts
48
Example of a föhn wind
Chinook
49
Where are both easterly and westerly jet streams found?
NH only
50
Large pressure gradients are shown by…
Isobars close together, strong winds
51
Land breeze is
From land over water at night
52
When heading South in the SH you experience starboard drift…(temperature)
You are flying away from low temperature
53
What prevents air from flowing directly from a high to a low pressure?
Coriolis force
54
What causes wind at low levels?
Difference in oressure
55
Föhn winds are…
Cold katabatic
56
What is the difference between gradient and geostrophic winds?
Curved isobars and straight isobars
57
Wind is caused by…
Horizontal pressure gradient
58
What is the Bora?
Cold katabatic wind over the Adriatic
59
What causes the geostrophic wind to be stronger than the gradient wind around a low?
Centrifugal force opposes the gradient force
60
Standing in the NH, north of a polar frontal depression travelling west to east, the wind will….
Continually back
61
If you fly with left drift in the NH, what is happening to the surface pressure?
Increases
62
In Central Europe, where are the greatest wind speeds?
Tropopause level

Meteorology (3 decks)

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