The World and Tectonics

Question 1

what is TNC

Answer 1

Trans-National corperation

Question 2

what is globalisation

Answer 2

when businesses and organisations develop international influence or start to operate on an international scale

Question 3

what are HIC, MIC, LIC

Answer 3

high income countries, medium income countries and low income countries

Question 4

What is the earths crust

Answer 4

crust is the layer that we live on. it is a thin skin of rock around the earth

Question 5

why do TNCs source their products from different countries

Answer 5

because they can produce them for much cheaper rates in low income countries and make more money for themselves

Question 6

what is pangea

Answer 6

the idea that all continents were joined together as one large landmass called pangea. Throughout millions of years the landmass split up to make the continents that we have now.

Question 7

what is continental drift

Answer 7

the idea that continents are slowly shifting positions and moving called continental drift.

Question 8

name some evidence for continental drift

Answer 8

there are similar patterns of rocks on different continents- they couldve been close together or joined.
there are similar fossils found on different continents- these regions were close together or joined
some continents look like they would fit together as a jigsaw

Question 9

what are tectonic plates

Answer 9

large plates that cover the earths surface made up of the earths crust

Question 10

what are the edges of tectonic plates called

Answer 10

plate boundaries

Question 11

why do tectonic plates move

Answer 11

there are convection currents below the plate in the hot lave. these convection currents drive plates in the directions they are going in and can cause plates to move together or apart

Question 12

what happens at a constructive plate boundary

Answer 12

At a constructive plate boundary two plates move apart. As they move apart magma rises up to fill the gap making a volcano. However since the magma can escape easily at the surface, the volcano wont erupt with much force. Earthquakes can also occur at these boundaries

Question 13

what happens at a destructive plate boundary

Answer 13

At a destructive plate boundary a continental plate and an oceanic plate meet. The oceanic plate descends under the continental plate because it is denser. As it descends it starts to melt due to the heat from friction caused by the movement of the two plates against eachother.
The melted plate is now hot, liquid rock - magma. The magma rises through gaps in the continental rock. If it reaches the surface the magma will form a volcano. Because of the friction, volcanoes are very powerful at destructive plate boundaries

Question 14

are volcanos more powerful at constructive or destructive plate boundaries and why

Answer 14

at destructive boundaries because there is so much friction from the two plates moving against eachother which forces the magma up. volcanoes which are at constructive plate boundaries are much less powerful because the magma can just rise and bubble through the gap made from plates moving apart.

Question 15

what happens at collision plate boundaries

Answer 15

collision boundaries occur when two plates that have similar densities move together eg a continental plate and a continental plate. This causes the material between them to buckle and rise up forming fold mountains. Fold mountains are made by the two plates colliding at the same force causing them to crumble and are forced upwards.

Question 16

what happens at conservative/transverse plate boundaries

Answer 16

at transverse plate boundaries two plates dont directly collide but slide past eachother along a fault (weakness). It doesnt matter what direction the plates are going in because they still slide past eachother. There is friction between the plates but no where near as much as on destructive plate boundaries. There isnt any volcanoes at these boundaries but earthquakes do occur.

Question 17

what is the inner core

Answer 17

the centre of the earth. its solid due to the large amount of pressure

Question 18

what is the mantle

Answer 18

the layer of molten rock between the core and the crust

Question 19

what is magma

Answer 19

the molten rock / hot liquid rock in the mantle

Question 20

what are convection currents

Answer 20

currents that drive the plates created by the heat from the core

Question 21

what causes an earthquakes

Answer 21

earthquakes are caused by masses of rock shifting below earths surface. they move due to convection currents and the plates grind against eachother along fault lines. when plates cant move past eachother anymore due to faults, it blocks the plates motion which builds up lots of stress until the fault gives way and releases an earthquake.

Question 22

where do earthquakes occur

Answer 22

along plate boundaries on the surface, on plate margins

Question 23

how are earthquakes measured

Answer 23

on a seismograph and the magnitude measured on the richter scale

Question 24

how does the richter scale work

Answer 24

each level is 30 times more powerful than the previous level

Question 25

who might be affected by earthquake

Answer 25

people living near to the epicentre of the earthquake. wild life in nearby habitats to the earthquake and ecosystems could be destroyed

Question 26

what is the difference between primary and secondary effects of earthquakes

Answer 26

Primary effects are effects that are resulting directly from the earthquake itself. these include buildings collapsing, bridges giving way and the resulting injuries and deaths. Secondary effects are those that result from the primary effects. For example the earthquake could cause cracking of a gas pipe (primary effect) but fires that could be caused due to this would be secondary effects.

Question 27

give examples of primary effects of an earthquake

Answer 27

``` roads cracking deaths due to bridges collapsing gas pipes cracking windows shattering buildings collapsing ```

Question 28

give examples of secondary effects of an earthquake

Answer 28

``` fires disease and famine deaths due to cholera business going bankrupt homelessness ```

Question 29

what is deforestation

Answer 29

the removal of a forest or a stand (group) of trees

Question 30

what are the rates of deforestation currently

Answer 30

each year an area of forest is lost almost twice the size of Denmark at the current rate of deforestation the entire worlds tropical rainforest could completely disappear in the next 100 years

Question 31

name causes of deforestation

Answer 31

people cutting down trees to make commercial items like paper and furniture high errand demands for tropical hardwoods like mahogony in the process of cutting trees down others are knocked down and when moving the wood out of the forest, the people who have to transport it clear a path to move it by cutting down other trees blocking the way areas are cut down to make room for urbanization and new buildings like houses

Question 32

what is the focus of an earthquake

Answer 32

the point where the earthquake begins

Question 33

what is the epicentre of an earthquake

Answer 33

the point directly above the focus of the earthquake but on the earths surface