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Theatre Flashcards

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1
Q

Sepsis

A

Prescence of pathogens or toxic product in blood or tissues of patient
Infection

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2
Q

Aspesis

A

Free from infection

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3
Q

Antispesis

A

Prevention of sepsis by destruction or inhibition of microorganisms using an agent

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4
Q

Sterilisation

A

Elimination of all microorganisms and spores

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5
Q

Disinfection

A

Removal of microorganisms but not spores

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6
Q

Disinfectant

A

Agent that destroys microorganisms

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7
Q

Impervious

A

Not allowing substances to penetrate

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8
Q

On a morning what needs to be done in theatre

A

Damp dust

Wet vaccum

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9
Q

Clean surgery

A

Surgical wound made under aspetic conditions
Neutering
Uncomplicated hernia

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10
Q

Clean-contaminated surgery

A 
Surgic wound made under aspetic conditions but enters a contaminated cavity
Resp, oropharynx, alimentary,
Lung lobectomy
Gastrostomy
Tracheostomy
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11
Q

Contaminated surgery

A 
Major spill or break in sterile technique or enter high bacterial area
Abdo gut spill
Oral surgery
Wound under 6 hours
Lower bowl surgery
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12
Q

Dirty/infected surgery

A 
Area already known to be infected
Wound over 6 hours
Aural surgery
Abscess
Necrotic tissue
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13
Q

Endogenous

Exogenous

A

Blood

Fomite

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14
Q

Affecting factors of contamination

A 
Virulence
Duration of surgery
Technique
Impaired host resistance
Comtamination of wound
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15
Q

Mrsa carried in

A

Upper body of resp tract

Methylene restraint staphylococcus aureus

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16
Q

Pass object

Pass personnel

A

Facing

Back to back

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17
Q

First scrub

Steps?

A

5-10 minutes

7

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18
Q

Suction apparatus
Used for
Emptied into?
Not for?

A 
Aspiration of oropharynx
Thoracocentesis
Fluids
Sluice sink
Ovarian hysterectomy
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19
Q

Diathermy
What it does?
Two types?

A

Coagulation and cut
Reduce time and foreign material
Monopolar cut (ground) , bipolar coag

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20
Q

Scavenging system
Active?
Passive?

A

Uses an extractor fan negative pressure and a barnsley reciever to break pressure
Activated charcoal system, tube outside
No more than 1.5m long

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21
Q 
Cryosurgery
What does it do?
Uses?
Temp kept at? 
Ppe?
Side effects straight away?
Later on?
A 
Destroys living tissue by application of extreme cold (denatures) 
Liquid nitrogen
-20
Insulated gloves, goggle, apron
Erythema, oedema, slough of moist skin
Unpigmented skin
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22
Q

Pulse oximeter

Measures?

A

% of oxygen bound to haemoglobin within arterial blood

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23
Q

Manuak handling operations regulation date

Out in place by

A

1992

HSE

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24
Q

Cardiovascular monitoring

A 
Peripheral pulse
Mmc
Crt
Auscultation
Spo2
BP
Central venous pressure
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25
Respiratory monitoring Mainstream Side stream
Adequate alveolar ventilation Rate, rhythm, depth Chest, bag, co2
26
Blood pressure Doppler sphygmomanometer Oscillometric sphygmomanometer
Ultrasound probe, audible sound | Cuff
27
``` Starvation periods Dogs Horse Gpig Rabbit Bird ```
``` 3 min 6 hr - 3 max under twelve weeks 12 hours and flush mouth prior 2 hours Don't Check crop ```
28
``` Dorsal Modified dorsal Modified reversal dorsal Sternal Lateral Purse-string suture for? ```
Head down bum up Head up bum down Perineal surgery
29
``` Urine output Spg dog and cat Turbid Dark red /brown Brown/yellow ```
0.015-0.045 0.35-0.060 Sediment blood cells, casts, calculi Haemoglobin or myoglobin Bile pigments
30
``` Total circulating blood volume Dog Cat Horse 10% 20% 30% Calculation of % lost Signs ```
``` 86ml/kg 55ml/kg 100ml/kg Acceptable Colloid Blood transfusion Blood lost / TCBV * 100 = % blood lost Hypotension, pale, >crt, vasoconstriction, tachycardia, weak rapid pulse ```
31
Torniquet | Eshmarsh bandage
15 min | 45 min
32
Heart rate Trachycardia Bradycardia
Pain, surgical stimulation, inadequate anaesthesia | Too much anaesthesia, vagal nerve stimulation, drug reaction
33
Respiratory rate Tachypnoea Bradypnoea
Increased co2, metabolic acidosis, pain, light depth Too deep Excessive ippv
34
Prevent heat loss Room at Use
15-20°c | Rebreathing circuit
35
``` Equine theatre Type of surgery? 3 types of theatre table Floor and walls should be? Catheter placed? Before induction? Prone to? Walk back to stable after standing for? ```
``` Orthopeadic Mobile Fixed hydraulic (sump) Inflatable Padded Jugular Flush oral cavity Pharyngeal/laryngeal oedema 30-45 minutes ```
36
Scalpel blade Sizes? Tenotomy blade? Beaver handle?
``` Divide tissue with minimal trauma Size 3 - small animal (10, 11, 12, 15) Size 4 - large animal (20, 21, 22) 11 Delicate surgery ```
37
``` Dissecting forceps Debakey Brown adson Adson Treves ```
``` Hold tissue Long + thin, abdo and vascular surgery 16 delicate teeth Fine with teeth Simple with rat tooth ```
38
``` Scissors Mayo Metzenbaum Careless suture Paynes suture removal scissors Curved iris scissors Not classified by... ```
``` Sturdy, Sharp edge, Blunt tip Lightly built curved, Blunt pointed narrow blades, gold handle Cutting scissors Strabismus Type of surgery ```
39
``` Haemostats/artery forceps Rochester pean Spencer wells Kochers Criles Halstead Ferguson angiotribes Cheatle ```
``` Long jaw, hysterectomy Standard Long jaw like the pean, toothed tips Lighter than Spencer wells Light routine surgery, all but large blood vessels Heavy duty, matching longitudinal jaws Drape the patient ```
40
Misc Doyens bowl clamp Rampleys sponge holding forceps
Atraumatic | Clean patient
41
``` Tissue forceps Allis Duvalls Babcocks Lanes Little Woods ```
Grip tissue with minimal trauma Inward curving toothed blades (grasps fascia and tendons) Hold delicate tissue Diamond shape Two single Jaws
42
Towel clips Backhaus Greys Cross action
Hold drape to patient
43
``` Needle holders Castroviejos Gillies Olsen-hegar Mayo-hegar Mcphails ```
``` Delicate, opthalmology (tungsten carbide or titantium) Scissor section, no ratchet Scissor edge, ratchet No scissors Copper tips, spring rachet ```
44
``` Retractors Travers West Gelpi Gosset Langenbeck Hohmann Czerny Balfours Finochietto ```
Self retaining, left side 1 less prong, muscle joints SR, equal prongs, muscle joints SR, short blunt tips, fracture lesion SR, two blades mounted onto a bar, p shape, abdo viscera handheld, flat blade @ right angle HH, muscle, tendon, ligament, soft tissue, HH, two spikes, broad surface, abdo 3 individual operable outward curved loops mounted onto a bar, vocal chords horse, abdo small animal Thoracic surgery
45
``` Volkmanns scoop Curette Chisel Gouge Osteotomes Periosteal elevators ```
Double ended scoop (debrides abscess, sinus or fistula, Sharp edge scoop cancellous bone Oval shaped cup (scoop dense tissue, cancellous bone) Tapered to a point at one side (shape bone/cartilage) U shaped (remove cartilage/soft bone) Tapered at both sides (shape bone/cartilage) Lift Periosteum and soft tissue
46
Fergusons bone holding forceps Verbrugge bone holding forceps Bone rongeurs Listons bone cutting forceps
Grip bone fragments Grip bone Nibbles at bone Cut large bone
47
``` Jabobs chuck places? Steinman pin Kirschner wire Arthrodesis Rush pin Monofilament cerclage wire ```
steinman pin Double ended points, thickest, screw thread or pointy, fractures Small pointed intramedullary pin, bayonet + trocar, small fragment fracture Two trocar tips, small fragment fracture Used in pairs, pointed sledge runner, hooked end Around bone, used with k wire
48
``` Screws Sherman bone screw Asif cortical screw Asif cancellous screw Plate Sherman plate Venebles plate Dynamic compression plate External fixators ```
``` Self tapping, cross action thread Non-self tapping, hexagonal head Spongy bone, hexagonal head Weak, sherman screw Stronger, sherman screws, circular holes Oval holes ```
49
``` Dental instruments Periodontal probe Peridontal explorer Calculus removing forceps Hand scaler/Curette Ultrasonic cleaner Burs Dental luxator Dental elevator Periosteal elevator Extraction forceps ```
Blunt, measures gingival sulcus, recession overgrowth, periodontal pocket depths. Handle assesses tooth mobility. Williams 14. Needle sharp, explore surface for cavities, enamel defects, subgingivally Dislodge calculus Remove dental deposits Cavitation. Never use perpendicular to tooth Remove and smooth off alveolar bone Cut epithelial attachment + Peridontal ligament Apply rotational leverage Extraction Not recommend for vet use
50
``` Needles Characterised by French eye, oblong, swagged Needle body Round Taper Trocar Cutting Reverse Blunt ```
Suture attachment, shape, cross section, size Continuous thread (non-traumatic) J shape, compound curve, 1/2 curved, circle Autraumatic Cut through skin Liver post biopsy
51
``` Suture material properties Tissue healing capacity Infection Cosmetic Strength Capillarity Absorbable Non-absorbable ```
Slow healing fascia - slow absorbing material Monofilament reduces risk Silk eyelid surgery Appropriate size Extent of which fluid will move along material (infection) multifilament worse Phagocytosis, hydrolised Encapsulated
52
Suture material categories
Natural Synthetic Monofilament Multifilament
53
``` Catgut Made from? Filament? Absorbable? Plain or chromatic? ```
Sheeps intestines (natural) Multifilament Phagocytosis Both (chromic salts slow absorption, increase tensile strength and decrease tissue reaction)
54
``` Polyglactin 910 Known as? Natural or synthetic Filament? Absorbable? Strength? Wound support for? Coated? Used for? ```
``` Vicryl Synthetic Multifilament Hydrolysis (56-70 days) High tensile strength 30 days Reduce drag SC, ID, muscle layer, mmb eyes ```
55
``` Polydioxanone Known as? Filament? Natural or synthetic? Absorbable? Good for? ```
``` PDS Monofilament Synthetic Hydrolysis (90 days) Infected areas, sc, eyes ```
56
``` Polyglycolic acid Known as? Filament? Natural or synthetic? Absorbable? Wound support? Disadvantage? ```
``` Dexon Multifilament Synthetic Hydrolysis (120 days) 14 days Poor knot security, tissue drag Sc ```
57
``` Silk From? Filament? Coated with? Used for? ```
Silkworm cocoon Multifilament Silicone to reduce Capillarity and drag Cardiovascular, Thoracic, eyes
58
Linen Known as? Made from? Filament?
Supramid Flax Multifilament
59
Polypropylene Know as? Filament? Absorbable?
Polypropene Monofilament Encapsulated Skin, hollow viscus, tendon, blood vessels, nerves
60
Polyesters Known as? Filament? Coated?
Ethibond Multifilament Coated
61
Stainless steel Known as? Filament? Used?
Mersilene, steelex Mono or multifilament Orthopaedic, tendon
62
Poliglecaprone 25 | Filament?
Monofilament
63
Polyamide Filament? Used for?
Monofilament | Facia and muscle
63
Staples
Expensive | Internally
64
Tissue adhesive Used on? Brand?
Mucous membranes | Vetbond
64
Usp Classified by? More 0's
United states pharmacopoeia System unique to suture Smaller the suture
64
Metric system Classified by? 2 metric =
1/10th of milimeters | 0.2mm
65
Skin tension lines
Where wound is Is it under any tension Is gravity going to pull it apart Is their free skin
66
Suture pattern Apposing Everting Inverting
Direct apposition Edges turn outwards Turn inwards
67
Surgical knot
Loop Knot Ears
68
``` Sutures Simple interrupted Simple continuous Vertical/horizontal mattress Ford interlocking Cruciate matress suture Purse string suture ```
``` Intact if one breaks, infection Minimal suture used, contamination on removal Good for gaping wounds, time consuming Secure, continous Tail stumps, lots of suture ```
69
``` Cold sterilisation Endoscope cleaner? Ethylene oxide liquid? Ethylene cycle? Yellow to red colour change Works by Good for? ```
``` Cidex Anprolene 12 hr run and 12 to air DNA inactivation Fibre, rubber ```
70
``` Dry heat Hot air oven Used for? High vacuum assisted oven Convention Non cutting instruments ```
Needles, ophthalmic instruments | 160° 120 minutes
71
Boiling
Moist heat
72
``` Steam under pressure Vertical pressure cooker Horizontal/downward displacement autoclave Vaccun assisted autoclave Test Temp, pressure, time ```
``` Top Bottom 3-5 minutes sterilisation Thernocouple anually Service twice a year 121 15 15 126 20 10 134 30 3.5 ```
73
Brownes tube Colour change Colour tubes - hotair oven Autoclave
Red-green Green spot b 160° Blue spot a 160° Black spot b 126° Yellow spot a 126°
74
Bowie dick tape | Temp
121
75
Tst strip | Colour change
Yellow to red
76
Spore test strip
72 hour culture

Theatre (1 decks)

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