Theme 1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Q: What is the Earth’s croûte made of?
A: Rock.
Q: What are roches made of?
A: Minerals.
Q: What are minéraux made of?
A: Elements or compounds.
Q: What is an élément?
A: A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
Q: What is a composé?
A: A substance made of two or more elements.
Q: Give 4 examples of éléments.
A: Gold (Au), Iron (Fe), Sulfur (S), Diamond (Carbon/C).
Q: What is the difference between éléments and composés?
A: Elements are pure substances; compounds are combinations of elements.
Q: What is quartz made of?
A: Silicon (Si) + Oxygen (O) → SiO₂.
Q: What is sel made of?
A: Sodium (Na) + Chlorine (Cl) → NaCl.
Q: What is sucre made of?
A: Carbon (C) + Hydrogen (H) + Oxygen (O) → C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.
Q: What are the 7 propriétés used to identify minerals?
A: Mohs hardness, crystal shape, luster, color, streak, cleavage/fracture, transparency.
Q: Who created the échelle de Mohs?
A: Friedrich Mohs (1812).
Q: What does the échelle de Mohs measure?
A: The hardness of minerals from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).
Q: What mineral is the softest (1)?
A: Talc.
Q: What mineral is the hardest (10)?
A: Diamond.
Q: What is a cristal?
A: A solid with a regular, symmetrical shape and flat surfaces.
Q: How can cristaux help identify minerals?
A: By their geometric shape and symmetry.
Q: What is éclat?
A: A mineral’s ability to reflect light.
Q: What does éclat métallique look like?
A: Like shiny metal.
Q: What does éclat non métallique look like?
A: Dull or not shiny.
Q: Why is couleur not always reliable to identify minerals?
A: Different minerals can look the same and the same mineral can have different colors.
Q: What is an example of a mineral with many couleurs?
A: Corundum (white, blue, red).
Q: What is rayure?
A: The color of a mineral’s powder when rubbed on a porcelain plate.
