Theme 1 - Introduction

Question 1

What are statistics?

_______ dealing with the __________, ________ and ______________ of ____.

Answer 1

Science
Collection
Analysis
Interpretation
Data

Question 2

What is the definition of the population?

The ______ group of ________/_____ we wish to _____.

Answer 2

Entire
Subjects
Units
Study

Question 3

What is the definition of sample?

A _____ of _____ drawn from the __________.

Answer 3

Group
Units
Population

Question 4

What is the variable of interest?

A _______ or ________ of every member of the __________ we wish to study. This feature ______ from one __________ to another.

Answer 4

Feature
Property
Population
Varies
Individual

Question 5

What is the definition of a parameter?

A population-specific ________ associated with the variable X, almost unknown to us.

Answer 5

Quantity

Question 6

What is the definition of an estimator?

_________ defined from a ______ that enables the __________ of an unknown _________.

Answer 6

Statistic
Sample
Estimation
Parameter

Question 7

What is the definition of a point estimate?

_____ of the _________ for a given ______.

Answer 7

Value
Estimator
Sample

Question 8

A point estimate is a quantity that defines the population, even if the value is not often known, it is a fixed quantity that is determined in theory. T or F?

Answer 8

False. A parameter is a quantity that defines the population, even if the value is not often known, it is a fixed quantity that is determined in theory.

Question 9

A parameter depends on the sample used to calculate it. It varies according to the chosen sample and we refer to it as the sampling variability. It’s a tool used to approximate the parameter of interest. T or F?

Answer 9

False. A point estimate depends on the sample used to calculate it. It varies according to the chosen sample and we refer to it as the sampling variability. It’s a tool used to approximate the parameter of interest.

Question 10

What is statistical inference?

Drawing ___________ about a __________ from a ______.

Answer 10

Conclusions
Population
Sample

Question 11

What are descriptive statistics?

__________ aiming to describe features of ____ sets, by using graphs, tables and summary stats.

Answer 11

Techniques

Data

Question 12

A sample does not need to be representative of the population. T or F?

Answer 12

False.

Question 13

What is a controlled experiment?

___________/_____ are divided in groups receiving different __________.

Answer 13

Individuals/Units

Treatments

Question 14

The groups in a controlled experiment must be formed in similar ways, independently of the administered treatment. T or F?

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

The advantage of controlled experiments is that they are achievable, simpler and inexpensive. T or F?

Answer 15

False. This is the advantage of an observational study.

Question 16

The disadvantage of controlled experiments is that is difficult to establish a cause and effect relationship. T or F?

Answer 16

False. This is the disadvantage of an observational study.

Question 17

The advantage of a controlled experiment is that it allows the establishment of a cause and effect relationship. T or F?

Answer 17

True.

Question 18

Associate the right definition

1) Cross-sectional
2) Longitudinal

a. Data is measured at different moments in time on the same individual/unit.
b. Data is collected at a single point in time.

Answer 18

1) b.

2) a.