Theme 1: Politics and Governance

Question 1

Citizen

Answer 1

A legally recognised subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalised

Question 2

Nation

Answer 2

A community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society

A nation is thus the collective identity of a group of people understood as defined by those features

Question 3

Nation States

Answer 3

A form of political organisation in which a group of people who share the same history, traditions, or language live in a particular area under one government

Question 4

State

Answer 4

A political organisation that rules and legislates over a population living within a geographical area.

Question 5

Sovereignty

Answer 5

The power of a country to control its own government

Question 6

Democracy

Answer 6

A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives

Question 7

Direct Democracy

Answer 7

Where the citizens directly vote for laws and policies

Question 8

Representative Democracy

Answer 8

Where the citizens vote for representatives who then vote for policies

Question 9

Elections

Answer 9

A formal and organised choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position

Question 10

Electorate

Answer 10

All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election

Question 11

Parliament

Answer 11

A legislative body of government that has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government

Question 12

Policies

Answer 12

A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organisation or individual

Question 13

Referendum

Answer 13

A direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue (e.g Brexit)

Question 14

Welfare state

Answer 14

A system where the state primary responsibility for health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits

Question 15

Constitution

Answer 15

A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organisation is acknowledged to be governed

Question 16

Government

Answer 16

The group of people with the authority to govern a country or state; a particular ministry in office. The political system by which a country or community is administered and regulated

Question 17

Political Party

Answer 17

An organisation that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country’s elections

Question 18

Republic

Answer 18

State in which political power rests with the public and their representatives

Question 19

Monarchy

Answer 19

A form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication

Question 20

Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 20

Also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy,

A form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions

Question 21

Autocracy

Answer 21

A system of government by one person with absolute power

Question 22

Dictatorship

Answer 22

An autocratic form of government which is characterised by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations

Question 23

Tyranny

Answer 23

Cruel and oppressive government or rule

Question 24

Oligarchy

Answer 24

A small group of people having control of a country or organisation

Question 25

Totalitarian States

Answer 25

A form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims

Question 26

Anarchy

Answer 26

A society without rulers. In practical terms, anarchy can refer to the curtailment or abolition of traditional forms of government and institutions

Question 27

Human Rights

Answer 27

Rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status

Question 28

NGOs

Answer 28

Voluntary group of individuals or organisations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy

Question 29

International Relations

Answer 29

The study of the interaction of nation-states and non-governmental organisations in fields such as politics, economics, and security.

Question 30

Activism

Answer 30

The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.

Question 31

International Law

Answer 31

The set of guidelines, norms, and standards usually forming the default behaviour between states

Question 32

Charter

Answer 32

A document issued by a government or organisation that gives rights to a person or group.

Question 33

Democracy index

Answer 33

The Democracy Index shows the state of democracy worldwide in 165 independent states and two territories. This covers almost the entire population of the world and the vast majority of the world’s states the five categories: - electoral process and pluralism - functioning of government - political participation - political culture - civil liberties Based on the country's scores on a range of indicators within certain categories, each country is then classified as one of the four types: - full democracy - flawed democracy - hybrid government - authoritarian government