Theme 1: Population Dynamics (1.1) Flashcards
(34 cards)
1
Q
Demographers (definition)
A
people who study human populations
2
Q
Graph standard words
A
- increasing
- decreasing
- fluctuating
- exponential/rapid increase/decrease
- constant
- gradual increase/decrease
3
Q
REASONS FOR RAPID INCREASE IN WORLD’S POPULATION
A
-
4
Q
Population growth (definition)
A
an increase in the number of people in a population
5
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT -1
A
- population growth rates started rising exponentially
- AS a result of agricultural and industrial revolutions
- BROUGHT about by technological advancements
- IN North America and Europe
6
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -2
A
- NEW agricultural machinery
- LED to greater crop yields
- AND the need for more/less workers
7
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -3
A
- means carrying capacity of land is improved
8
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -4
A
CARRYING CAPACITY:
largest population that the resources of a given environment can support
(with the same land , more crops can now be grown or harvested)
9
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -5
A
- with lesser workers,
- many people then moved from rural to urban areas
- to work in factories
- where new machinery is allowed for mass production (manufacturing)
10
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -6
A
- as people started to produce more food and goods
- people became more healthy
- and enjoyed more free time with paid leave
11
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -7
A
- countries became more economically developed
- and so people started to have more children
12
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -8
A
families with more than 10 children were common in the 1800s
12
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -9
A
- then technological advancements
- in the provision of:
- healthcare
- sanitation
- water supplies
- further encouraged higher birth rates and falling death rates
13
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -10
A
- so countries started to experience
- a tremendously rapid population growth
- known as population explosion
14
Q
- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS (continued) -11
A
- the highest population growth rate was in the 1960s
- while population is still growing,
- the rate is slowing down,
- from 2.4% in the mid 1960s
- to 1.2% in 2016
15
Q
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs -1
A
- Improved knowledge about nutrition
- has greatly increased the survival rate of people.
- When young children get enough of
- the right kinds of food,
- they are likely to live to be adults.
- This means that peoples’ life expectancy will be higher.
16
Q
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -2
A
life expectancy: DEFINITION
- the number of years that a person is expected to live
17
Q
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -3
A
knowledge and use of vaccinations
- Vaccines help to protect people from infectious diseases
- Use of that knowledge has reduced
- the rate of diseases like:
- tuberculosis
- smallpox
18
Q
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -4
A
improvement in infrastructure and promotion of better public health
- Sewage dumped into a public water supply
- could cause a spread of diseases
- throughout the community.
- Public health measures like:
- proper sewage disposal
- wastewater treatment - help to protect public health.
- Improperly operated incineration plants and landfills
- cause pollution and
- attract insects and rodents that spread diseases.
19
Q
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -5
A
development of new medicines
- Medical science has invented a whole range of new medicines
- with which to treat everything from infections to pneumonia.
- All these contribute to lowering death rates.
- To improve people’s health and raise life expectancy:
- availability of pubic health infrastructure, public awareness and medical advancement need to work hand in hand
20
Q
- Better public healthcare, awareness and medical breakthroughs (continued) -6
A
- With these developments,
- energy, food, water and medical care
- became more available and reliable.
- These factors then led to an increase in life expectancy.
- So, with high birth rates and falling death rates,
- world population began to grow.
21
Q
THE CAUSES OF A CHANGE IN POPULATION SIZE
A
.
22
Q
Birth rate (definition)
A
the number of births per thousand population in a year
23
Q
Birth rate (eg)
A
birth rate of 20/100: average of 20 births occur in a year for every 1000 ppl in a country
24
Death rate (definition)
number of deaths per thousand population in a year
25
Death rate (eg)
death rate of 50/100:
average of 50 deaths occur in a year for every 1000 ppl in a country
26
Rates of natural change (definition)
difference between the birth rate and death rate
27
natural increase
if birth rate>death rate
28
natural decrease
if birth rate
29
rate of net migration:
*
30
immigration rate (definition)
the number of immigrants per thousand population entering a receiving country in a year
31
emigration rate (definition)
the number of emigrants per thousand population leaving a country of origin in a year
32
so the rate of net migration (definition)
the difference between the rates of immigration and emigration
32
rate of net migration
- if birth rate exceeds death rate,
- total population size will still increase
- for as long as this natural increase is not offset by losses due to migration
