theme 1 - religious figures and sacred texts COPY Flashcards

pre-islamic arabia, night of power and makkan reaction, how muhammad (s.a.w) was influenced by pre- islamic arabia, persecution of muslims, hijra, madinah and muhammad (s.a.w) as a leader, quran source of wisdom and authority, quran use and treatment, quran as externally relevant

1
Q

pre- islamic arabia

A

-also called jahilliya
-which refers to any society in which there is religious, social & moral chaos.
-such a society is characterised by human rule and not one characterised by submission to god

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2
Q

religion in pre- islamic arabia

A

-was polytheistic, animistic, and driven by human greed
-idols were sold that they believed would cause their enemies to fear them and served to deliver protection to individual tribes.
-religion was practical and through sacrifice and ritual it served the needs of the ignorant public.

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3
Q

moral features of pre- islamic arabia

A

-society was rife with immorality
-the tip of this was the feudal system in which
>life was cheap
>there was nothing immoral about killing
>trading only for profit
>raiding other tribes
>robbery not considered immoral unless you stole the goods of kinsmen

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4
Q

political organisation in pre- islamic arabia

A

-in political terms there was no overall system of government .
-rules were not written or firmly established and were variable and inconsistent

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5
Q

social organisation in pre islamic arabia

A

-arab culture was grounded in a complex tribal system that was built upon extended families and clans, each tribe being led by a sheikh or cheif.

-the strong ruled and the weak were oppressed & exploited
-poverty was ignored and charity a rarity
-population control was often by female infanticide and the life of a women had little value.
-women & slaves were not treated well and had no
specific rights, human or legal

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6
Q

good about pre- islamic arabia

A

there were some good qualities of tribal society, such as:
-honour
-bravery
-hospitality
-generosity

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7
Q

pre- islamic arabia key quote by islamweb

A

with respect to the pre- islamic parent-child relationship, we see that life in arabia was paradoxical and presented a gloomy picture of contrast.
while some arabs held their children dear to their hearts and cherished them greatly, others buried their female infants alive because fear of poverty and shame weighed them down

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8
Q

why the revelation was needed

A

-religion was varied, unfocused, idolutrous and full of human influence
-human beings were in a desperate moral state
-society was chaotic
-politically there was no stability
-overall there was no unity or identity amongst people

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9
Q

how prophet muhammad was influenced by pre-islamic arabia

A

-absolute monotheism
-the existing tribal moral codes and social value
-support for the weak in society

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10
Q

what prophet muhammad clearly rejected from pre-islamic arabia

A

-anything short of absolute monotheism
-immorality
-cruelty and neglect of the weak in society

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11
Q

what happened on the night of power

A

-laylat ul- qadr is the night towards the end of ramadan when the prophet was given the quran

-muhammad (s.a.w) received the first revelation of the quran by the angel jibril on this night, and here muhammad is regarded as the seal of the prophets .

-it is one of the most significant events in the history of the muslim religion.

-during the time leading up to the night of power muslims remember the giving of the quran to muhammad through increased religious devotion.

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12
Q

the night of power and the makkans reaction

A

-when revealing early revelations, the makkans accused him of being inspired by spirits rather than god.

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13
Q

themes of early revelations

A

-shirk
-judgement day
-bodily resurrection
-prophethood
-divine utility
-good news & warnings
-revelations and proclamation of the message of islam
-muhammad should be recognised as seal of the prophets

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14
Q

why the makkan leaders began to feel threatened as the number of muslims grew

A

-the call to serve one god and reject all idols threatened their business
-their power over the city was under challenge as islam was against social injustice and corruption
-their popularity as leading figures in the community faltered as prophet muhammad’s grew.

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15
Q

the prophets message to the makkans

A

-he called for uncompromising monotheism and so directly challenged and criticised polytheistic practices associated with the kabah

-he spoke of judgement and personal responsibility for actions

-social injustices were challenged- highlighted the corruption in society as a whole

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16
Q

ways in which muhammad (s.a.w) and his followers were persecuted in makkah

A

-muhammad (s.a.w) was mocked
-he was accused of sorcery and stealing ideas from past religions
-there was a boycott in force for three years
-humiliation- they would tie muhammads neck to a rope and drag him on the floor whilst he worshipped. throw rubbish at him whilst he worked
-assassination attempts
-torture of muslims

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17
Q

the first people to accept the message

A

-khadija
-ali
-zayd
-abu bakhr

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18
Q

quran 26:214

A

warn your closest kindred

19
Q

what did the quraish do

A

tried to blackmail and bribe muhammad (s.a.w) inorder for him to stop preaching and spreading the news of this new religion

20
Q

what did the boycott consist of

A

-no business/trade with supporters of muhammad
-no marriges with supporters of muhammad
-support opponents of muhammad

21
Q

further details on the persecution of muhammad (s.a.w) in makkah

A

-there was a more intense period of persecution.
the weakest of his followers such as the slaves were targeted for persecution, torture and death for their allegiance to muhammad (s.a.w)

22
Q

who was the prophet protected by

A

-his uncles abu-talib and hamza

23
Q

key factors leading to hijra

A

1.persecution
2.threats on life
3.inability to practise islam freely
4.lack of influence and spread of islam
5.continued growing opposition from leading makkans
6.attempts to migrate to taif had failed so muhammad (s.a.w) migrated to medinah

24
Q

hijrah

A

it means to cease and stop associating themselves with a certain group, body, individual.

with the migration to medinah the muslims stopped associating with the people of makkah

25
Q

why the hijrah took place

A

-prophet muhammad and his followers were in a desperate situation. they feared for their lives. the only solution was to flee for safety to a place beyond the reach of persecution and oppression

26
Q

why the hijrah took place (2)

A

prophet muhammad escaped a final murder plot. where ali took muhammad (s.a.w) place in bed, whilst the prophet and abu bakar escaped.
they spent three nights in a cave and through various miraculous events, were protected from qurayshi pursuers

the whole patterns of events for muslims indicated that not only was the hijrah the will of god but it was also guided by god in protecting muhammad and his followers.

27
Q

disadvantages of the hijrah

A

-the person and message of the prophet was seen as a threat to ancestral traditions

-muhammad and his followers were verbally insulted and intimidated

-escaped from being murdered

28
Q

advantages of the hijrah

A

-muhammad was desired as an arbitrator because of his reputation

-could practise religion freely

-the people in medinah wanted to know more about islam

-it is believed that it was the will of allah

29
Q

the hijrah and its impacts

A

> practise religions freely
identified as one ummah
opportunity establish divine law
peace and harmony to yathrib
promote and call islam

30
Q

practise religion freely

A

after 13 years of hardship, suffering and oppression the muslims can now practice their religion freely, they can read the quran openly without anyone bothering them and they can declare with no fear that they are followers of muhammad

31
Q

identified as one ummah

A

the hijrah gave muslims their identity as one ummah. the muslims had their own homeland and their own identity

32
Q

opportunity establish divine law

A

the hijrah established them their own state governed by allahs laws and the prophets teachings.

it is after the hijrah that allah gave them permission to fight back those who oppressed them in their belief and forced them to leave their beloved town and confiscated their properties, houses and wealth

33
Q

peace and harmony to yathrib

A

after years of war, killing and hatred, yathrib and its people became one unity and one brotherhood as islam has touched their hearts and made them one group called (al-ansar- the helpers) for their support and loyalty to the prophet (PBUH).
islam, in a short period of time, converted their hatred to love and compassionate and their selfishness to self-sacrifice and selflessness

34
Q

promote and call to islam

A

hijrah is a major inspiration and motivation for us to carry on the dawah of the prophet(PBUH).
prior to the hijrah, although the early muslims did preach openly, there was fear of revenge. this was not the case in medinah

35
Q

benefits from the teachings and character of the prophet

A

-people now had the opportunity to meeting the prophet(PBUH)
-learning their religion from him
-emulating his noble character
-preserving his sunnah
-learning about his public and private life
the hijrah had a great impact on islam and the muslims because allah bestowed alot of his blessings on them.

36
Q

makkan stage

A

introducing allah

37
Q

medinese stage

A

introducing allahs law

38
Q

muhammad as a leader in medinah

A

-they adopted many different roles and developed new skills beyond those of a messenger. he did not only operate as a religious and moral leader, but also developed political and military skills

39
Q

muhammad (s.a.w) first piece of political tact

A

-upon his arrival in madinah, he was to choose a place for his headquarters. to choose wrongly would have been a disaster and would have caused internal conflicts between tribes, because of implied favouritism.
-instead he let his camel decide where the first mosque would be built. he announced that wherever the camel sat down would be the site.

40
Q

the first mosque in medinah

A

after the kaba, this was the foremost mosque of islam.
it was here that he organised and directed the affairs of the infant islamic state. the mosque became the centre of all religious teaching, practice and development of the muslim community as a social hub, creating the early muslim ummah

41
Q

the quraysh in makkah after the hijrah

A

-their power was being lost and they felt humiliated. they even seized the belongings of the makkans who migrated to medina. they were preparing to attack the muslims

42
Q

quran 22:39-40

A

“permission to fight has been given to those who are being fought, because they were wronged and indeed allah is competent to give them victory. (they are) those who have been evicted from their homes without right only because they say, “our lord is allah”

43
Q

quran 9:101

A

“and among those around you of the bedouins are hypocrites, and also from the people of madinah. they have become accustomed to hypocrisy. you, o muhammad do not know them but we know them”