Thème 1A

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

functional unit of heredity and variation
Found on chromosomes and are parts of the genome that encodes for RNA and protein

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

Study of heredity and variation in cells individuals and populations

Question 3

Molecular genetics

Answer 3

Study of function and structure of genes at molecular level

Question 4

Allèles

Answer 4

Variant forms of a gene caused by difference in DNA sequence result in changes in amino acid sequence of proteins

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

Genes inherited by organisms by mother and father

Question 6

Genome

Answer 6

Entire DNA sequence ACGT of an organism

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Viable traits like height illness blood type eye color

Question 8

Gênée expression

Answer 8

Turning on a gene to produce RNA and proteins

Question 9

What is the only coding rna

Answer 9

MRNA because it makes proteins

Question 10

Protein expression

Answer 10

The type and abundance of proteins in the cell

Question 11

What role do proteins play in determining phenotype

Answer 11

Being that proteins change the rate of reaction in a cell they are important for determining phenotype

Question 12

What are the 3 types of proteins

Answer 12

Enzymes increase rate of reaction
Structural protein maintaining cell shape
Signalling proteins like hormones

Question 13

Differential regulation

Answer 13

Genes being turned on to a greater extent then others
Example light vs dark blue eyes

Question 14

What causes people to look alike

Answer 14

Similar alleles and amount of differential regulation

Question 15

What are the 3 classical experiments for establishing DNA molecule

Answer 15

Griffith
Avery Mcarthy and Macleod
Hershey and chase

Question 16

Griffith what is streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 16

Bacterial pathway that cause pneumonia in mammals

Question 17

What is the smooth strain (s) of streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 17

bacterium surounded by a polysaccharides capsule which is a mucus sugar layer over the protein

Question 18

Why is the s strain considered virulent

Answer 18

because of its polysaccharide capsule it is protected from antibodies that can no longer detect it

Question 19

What is the rough strain r of streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 19

lacks polysaccharide capsule meaning that antibodies can detect its proteins and attack the bacteria

Question 20

What was griffith conclusion

Answer 20

Transforming principle
Heat kill S bacteria could genetically transform living R cells into virulent S form.
Transformation was permanent and heritable

Question 21

What was Avery Macleod and Macarthys Hypothesis

Answer 21

Transforming principle could be caused protein DNA or RNA

Question 22

What was Avery Macleod and Mccarthys experimental approach

Answer 22

Eliminate each type of molecule and see if transformation of r cells occurs

Question 23

What was the conclusion on Aver mccarthy and macleod experiment

Answer 23

If the type of molecule is absent and transformation does not occur it is the transforming principle

Question 24

What were the results of Avery mcloeod and mccarthy experiment

Answer 24

When DNAase is removed transformation does not occur meaning that DNa is a critical component

Question 25

What is the life cycle of a bacteriophage

Answer 25

Bacteria i injects it’s dna into cell DNA circulises from here it can take lyric or lysiogeny pathway

Question 26

What happens during lyric pathways

Answer 26

Bacteria hijabs cells machinery to replicate its dna rna and protein This allows assembly into progeny viral particles Finally cell lyses and phases come out

Question 27

Lysogeny

Answer 27

Viral dna inserts into bacterial chromosome basically they dna from bacteria becomes intergrate into host genome Viral genes remain inactive but it’s is passed on when cell replicated

Question 28

When does lysogeny switch to lyric cycle

Answer 28

During times of stress because immune system is suppressed allowed bacteriophages to quickly take over

Question 29

What is Hershey and chases experiment

Answer 29

They put radioactive amino acids S35 on proteins after injecting dna the new phage inside did not have any amino acid inside In the second part of the experiment phage began with P32 labeled deoxyriobe nucleiotide in the dna DNA entered the cell and new phage had the radioactivity