THEME 2 creating a welfare state - 1918-79 Education Flashcards
1918-45 + 1945-79
Educaiton in 1918 - what was it based on ?
Lewis report which recommended:
- School leaving age 14
- County colleges introduced to provide vocational training
- Curriculem devided between ‘practival instruction’ + ‘advanced instruction’
what was the impact of the 1918 education act?
- control over school fancing centralised = ALSO increase in teacher pay in hope of improving schools
what did 1926 Hadow Committe recommend?
- abolition of elemntary schools and divsion in primary + secondary
- raise leaving age to 15
in 1931 what % of children were in some form of secondary education
20%
what did the 1918 educationa act introduce?
grant funded grammar schools
what are the features of grammar schools?
- entrance exams
- based on wealth (even with scholarships) as children needed to work to support their family
what was the impact of the butler act?
state secondary education no longer charged fees
- mass education funded by general taxation
- compulsary education up to age 15
- tripartite system introduced
describe the tripartite system
Introduced grammar, technical schools, secondary modern
(reflected britain class structure)
describe grammar schools, secondary modern and technical schools
grammar schools: - open to all who passed 11+
technical schools: middle class - intended to create a technocratic class to age country in age of high technology + nuclear power
secondary modern: - lower middle class + working class, for those who didnt pass 11+
whats the effect of the butler act
- millions of working class children access to free + compulsary secondary education
- girls able to attend secondayr education
how far did university education grow during the war years ?
- more accesible, open to women + working class
-uni’s considered irrelevant
what did ww2 demonsrtate in relation to unis and what did the atlee gov say?
WW2 demonstrated need for large number of graduates
1945 - Atlee gov - unis should become centre for science + engineerin
how influential were the percy + barlow reports and what did they recommend?
Percy (1945):
- recommeneded unis expand to cater for students created by Butler act (1944)
- Classical education replaced by science + engineering
Barlow report (1946):
- Confirmed shortage of scientists + engineers in soceity
- Argued for gov funded expansion of unis
NOT VERY INFLUENTIAL
despite the reports by the 1960’s there were still too few science courses _ many unis protected art’s subjects
HOWEVER 2- new unis built
how far did higher education expand during 1960’s + 70’s?
- As a result of the RObins Comittee (1961) recommendation goal of 5x more student places avaliable by 1980 - Uni of East sussex modernised
-1964- open uni introduced by Wilson Gov
-1970’s consensus between labour + conservative tgar uni tuition fees + student grants funded by welfare state - THATCHER in favour of Unis - invested lots
- she increased grants for UNI + polytechnic funding by 40%
how many people were earning degrees 1960 - 1970 - 1980
1960 - 22,500
1970 - 51,000
1980 - 68,000
