Theme 2 Religion Flashcards
(42 cards)
What type of state was England in 1625?
A confessional state
What is a confessional state?
Where there is a single national church, maintained by the government.
What was Arminianism?
A style of protestantism leading more towards Catholicism. There is no belief in predestination and an emphasis on beautiful things in churches, like stained glass windows and statues.
Why was Arminianism disliked by MPs? What did they try to do about it?
Many felt it was a way to reintroduce Catholicism
It was one of the key measures of the Three Resolutions of 1629
Who did Charles appoint to his Privy Council that shows his support of Arminianism?
William Laud
What were some of Laud’s reforms during the personal rule?
-“Beauty of holiness” was implemented, with colourful windows and organs (puritans believed music distracted from bible study)
-The old Catholic style alter was brought back (alter roped off)
-Ordered more preaching (offered little explanation or debate)
-He denounced Calvinists (attacking all Puritans)
-He was the brains behind Charles’ instructions to Bishops in 1633
-He was incredibly harsh against his critics, e.g. William Prynne (who attacked many of Laud’s policies) received life in prison, £5000 fine and had his ear cut off in 1637
Why was there an intense fear of Catholicism in England by 1625?
-Mary Tudor
-Catholicism was linked to the political doctrine of absolutism
What law was passed against Catholics by the Long parliament in 1643?
A law (not named?) requiring all Catholics over the age of 21 to swear an Oath of Abjuration denying their basic beliefs.
Some Catholics also had to pay some taxes at twice the normal rate.
What caused more distrust of Catholics in 1666?
The great fire of London as it was rumoured to be the work of Catholic agents
When was the Popish plot and how did it impact Catholics?
Emerging in 1678, it illustrated the deep-seated hostility to Catholicism. It lead to laws against Catholics to be enforced more rigorously and parliament passed a second test act.
When James II became king in 1685, what measures did he take to improve life for Catholics?
Using his power as monarch, he:
-forbade the preaching of anti-Catholic sermons
-punished ministers who disobeyed this
-gained the right to dispense the test and corporation acts to appoint Catholics with to important positions due to the Godden vs. Hales case.
In 1688 he issued another act of Indulgence which allowed all dissenters (including Catholics) to meet freely
What caused more protestants to move to England when James II was in power?
Louis XVI’s removal of toleration for Protestants in France.
+ They brought with them tales of sorrow and Catholic persecution.
After James II’s declaration of indulgence (1688), what happened to the Bishops who refused to read it in church?
The seven bishops were arrested, put on trial and were found not guilty. This lead to public celebrations.
How did radical groups (e.g ranters, seekers, quakers) threaten social order/ the church by their actions?
-By challenging the authority of the church, these groups also challenge social orders and the authority of nobels
-Wanting private churches undermines unity through uniformity and makes it harder for them to be controlled
-Fifth Monarchists (doomsday extremists) ignored social laws
When was the church of England re-established?
1660 with the restoration of the monarchy
What were the acts passed as part of the Clarendon Code?
-Corporation act (1661)
-Act of uniformity (1662)
-Quaker act (1662)
-Conventicle act (1664)
-Five mile act (1665)
dates not needed for points, just names. dates are bonuses
What and when was the Corporation act? (Clarendon code)
1661, Required all people holding local government positions to have taken Anglican Communion
What and when was the act of uniformity? (Clarendon code)
1662
-imposed set rituals on church services
-re-established church courts
-ministers had to be re-ordained by Bishops (emphasising power)
-ministers had to accept ALL of the common prayer book or lose their jobs
What and when was the Quaker act? (Clarendon code)
1662, forbade more than 5 Quakers to meet together and set punishment of fines
What and when was the conventicle act? (Clarendon code)
1664, forbade anyone over the age of 16 to attend religious meetings with more than 5 people without an Anglican prayer book
What and when was the five mile act? (Clarendon code)
1665 forbade any dissenting preacher from going within 5 miles of a parish they had been banned from preaching in
What were the key features of the Church of England in 1640?
-Alter table moved and roped off
-Unity through uniformity
-Dissenters and non conformists punished
-Moving towards Armineanism
When did Charles I try to impose a new prayer book? What did it lead to?
1637, riots in Scotland and the bishop’s war
What where the ways Puritans threatened Royal authority?
-1629, puritan MPs held the speaker in his chair to pass the three resolutions.
-1636, John Hampden refused to pay ship tax and went to court to challenge the king’s right to tax him
-1637, Charles tries to enforce a new prayer book onto the Scots who react by declaring war on England
-1641, root and branch petition to remove bishops
-1641, grand remonstrance (mps’ list of demands to Charles)
