Theme 2 - The UK economy - Performance and Policies (2.5 - Economic Growth)

Question 1

Define Actual Growth [1]

2.5.1 - Causes of Growth

Answer 1

An increase in Real GDP in an economy over time. [1]

Question 2

Define Potential Growth [1]

Ref - 2.5.1 - Causes of Growth

Answer 2

An increase in the productive potential of an economy over time. [1]

Question 3

What is the main factor which can increase actual economic growth? [1]

Give an example of this. [1]

Ref - 2.5.1 - Causes of Growth

Answer 3

An increase in any of the 4 factors in the AD identity. [1]

e.g. Higher consumption rates means there is more money flowing in an economy. [1]

Question 4

What is the main factor which can cause potential economic growth? [1]

Give an example of this. [1]

Ref - 2.5.1 - Causes of Growth

Answer 4

Improvements in the quality of factors of production. [1]

e.g. Investing in more training for workers to increase their productivity. [1]

Question 5

What is a positive output gap? [1]

2.5.2 - Output Gaps

Answer 5

When GDP is above the productive potential of an economy. [1]

Question 6

What is a negative output gap? [1]

2.5.2 - Output Gaps

Answer 6

When GDP levels are below the productive potential of the economy. [1]

Question 7

How can a positive output gap be achieved? [1]

2.5.2 - Output Gaps

Answer 7

Overworking factors of production for a limited time. [1]

Question 8

How is a negative output gap achieved? [1]

2.5.2 - Output Gaps

Answer 8

High amounts of spare capacity and unemployment. [1]

Question 9

What is the business cycle? [1]

2.5.3 - Business Cycle

Answer 9

A concept where GDP fluctuates, following a regular pattern. [1]

Question 10

What does the business cycle show about actual GDP levels? [2]

2.5.3 - Business Cycle

Answer 10

Actual GDP will be in a positive output gap, [1] and it will also be in a negative output gap. [1]

Question 11

Describe the general structure of a business cycle diagram. [2]

2.5.3 - Business Cycle

Answer 11

1 Straight line showing growth trend. [1]
1 fluctating line on the growth trend line. [1]

Question 12

Define an economic boom. [1]

2.5.3 - Business Cycle

Answer 12

Actual GDP is aobe the productive potential rate of economic growth. [1]

Question 13

Define what is meant by a recession. [1]

2.5.3 - Business Cycle

Answer 13

When GDP falls for 2 or more consecutive quarters. [1]

Question 14

State 3 - 4 characteristics of an economic boom. [4]

2.5.3 - Business Cycle

Answer 14

1. Low rates of unemployment. [1]
2. High consumption and consumer confidence. [1]
3. High animal spirits [1]
4. Low levels of spare capacity. [1]

Question 15

State 3-4 characteristics of a recession. [4]

2.5.3 - Business Cycle

Answer 15

1. High rates of unemployment. [1]
2. Low consumer confidence and higher saving. [1]
3. Low animal spirits for firms. [1]
4. High levels of spare capacity. [1]

Question 16

State and explain 2 benefits of economic growth on consumers. [6]

2.5.4 - Effects of Growth

Answer 16

More employment opportunities [1]. Businesses are likely to expand due to more output in an economy [1], therefore more labour is needed to expand, reducing unemployment. [1]

Higher consumer confidence [1]. Consumers are like to reduce saving and increase spending. [1] Consumers may also experience a wealth effect as their house price increases. [1]

Question 17

State and explain 2 impacts of economic growth on firms. [6]

2.5.4 - Effects of Growth

Answer 17

Higher business confidence. [1] As revenue increases, animal spirits also increase [1], incentivising firms to invest in things such as factors of production, to further increase revenue. [1]

Reduced international competitiveness. [1] As inflation goes up, firms may increase prices. [1] This will reduce the competitiveness of UK exports, decreasing revenue. [1]

Question 18

State and explain 2 impacts of economic growth on the government [6]

2.5.4 - Effects of Growth

Answer 18

Higher tax revenue [1]. As workers earn more income, they pay more income tax, [1] and businesses earn more revenue, so pay more corporate tax. [1]

Reduced government spending. [1] As more people enter employment, less money is needed to spend on unemployment benefits, [1] such as JSA. [1]

Question 19

State and explain 2 impacts of economic growth on current living standards. [6]

2.5.4 - Effects of Growth

Answer 19

Current living standards rise. [1] Higher incomes may cause increased spending on goods [1] so increasing living standards of a household. [1]

Current living standard fall. [1] Opportunity cost, as consumer goods may be sacrificed to make more capital goods, [1] shown on a PPF diagram.

Question 20

Explain 2 factors which can the desirability of economic growth. [6]

2.5.4 - Effects of Growth

Answer 20

Magnitude of growth [1] - As economic growth increases, inflation and environment damage may increase, [1] but high rates are sustainable in developing countries. [1]

Renewable energy [1] - Investment in renewable energy can cause sustainable growth [1]. Reliance on non-renewable energy is risky as it can run out. [1]