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Anatomy of Head & Neck > Theme 3 > Flashcards

Theme 3 Flashcards

The Face

1
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

  1. Sensory innervation
  2. Motor Innervation
A
  1. CNV3
  2. CNVII
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2
Q

What are muscles of facial expression attached to?

What is their common embryological origin?

A

All have one attachment to bone, one attachment to skin

2nd Pharyngeal Arch

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3
Q

Facial Muscles of the Mouth

  1. Location
  2. Function
A

Orbicularis Oris - sphincter of oral aperture

  1. upper & lower lip
  2. Control of mouth

Levator Anguli Oris

  1. Attaches to mouth angles from above
  2. Elevates angles of mouth

Depressor Anguli Oris

  1. Attaches to mouth angles from below
  2. Depresses angles of the mouth

Zygomatic Major

  1. Attaches to mouth angles by coming downwards & Medially from the Zygomatic bone - outer muscle
  2. Pulls angle of mouth up & back

Risouris

  1. Attaches to mouth angles by coming horizontally
  2. Pulls angle of mouth backwards (laterally)
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4
Q

Facial Muscles of the Lips

  1. Location
  2. Function
A

Levator Labii Superioris <span>(+ = joins)</span>

  1. Arises from Frontal process of Maxilla + Zygomaticus Minor + Levator Labii superioris Alaque Nasi to insert as one into upper lip
  2. Raises Upper lip - LLSAN flares nostril

Depressor Labi Superioris

  1. Inserts upwards from oblique line of mandible into lower lip
  2. Depresses lower lips
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5
Q

Facial Muscle of the Cheek

  1. Location
  2. Function
A

Buccinator

  1. Location:
  • 1st Maxillary molar to Palatine bone & Lateral Pterygoid plate
  • Short ligaments from Palatine bone to tip of Hamulus of medial Pterygoid plate
  • Attached to the Pterygomandibular raphe (stretching from the tip of the hamulus to the mylohyoid line on interior mandible)
  • The muscle then runs from the mylohyoid line along the buccal surface of the alveolar process of the mandibular to the 1st mandibular molar

2.

  • Mastication: Keeps muscles tout during mastication
  • Denture fitting: Anterior attachments are important landmarks
  • Dental Anaesthesia: Pterygomandibular Raphe, posterior attachment of buccinator, is an important landmark for IAN
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6
Q

Facial Muscles of the Chin

  1. Location
  2. Function
A

Mentalis

  1. Skin of chin
  2. Pushes up the lower lip & wrinkles the chin
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7
Q

Facial Muscles of the Nose

  1. Location
  2. Function
A

Nasalis:

  1. Overlining nose
  2. Compresses nostrils

Levator Labii superioris Alaque Nasi:

  1. Next to nose, goes downwards into upper lip
  2. Flares nostril
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8
Q

Facial Muscles of the Eye

Location

Function

A

Obicularis Oculi - Sphincter muscle with three parts

  1. Orbital part:

Location: Outer portion encircling the eye

Function: Closes eye forcefully

  1. Palpebral Part

Location: Portion covering eyelids

Function: Closes eye gently

  1. Lacrimal Part

Location: Small portion within orbit behind lacrimal sac

Function: Squeezes lubrication tears against eyeball

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9
Q

Facial Muscles of the Forehead

  1. Location
  2. Function
A

Procerus

  1. On top of unibrow, fibers running vertically along the bridge of the nose
  2. Wrinkles Nose

Corrugator Supercilii

  1. Skin underlying eyebrows
  2. Draws eyebrows downwards & medially = frowning

Frontalis

  1. Skin of Forehead
  2. Wrinkles & raises eyebrows
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10
Q

What are the two methods of movement of the lip muscles?

A

Longitudinal: movement of the lips lengthens the vocal tract

Latitudinal: movement of the lips widens them

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11
Q

Facial Nerve - CNVII

  1. What type of innervation does it provide
  2. Pathway
  3. Facial Branches
A

1.

Motor innervation for Facial Expression

Sensory innervation for tongue via chorda tympani

2.

Stylomastoid foramen –> downwards, motor branch to stylohyoid and Posterior Digastric –> Through Parotid Gland from behind & onto the face = branches

  1. Two Zebras Bit My Coccyx

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

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12
Q

What Muscles of Facial expression do the branches of CNVII supply?

A

Temporal:

  • Auricular Muscles
  • Frontalis
    • Superior part of Obicularis Oculi

Zygomatic:

  • Inferior part of Obicularis Ocuili
  • Superior parts of Zygomaticus Major, Lavator Labii Superioris, Levator Anguli Oris, Nasalis & Orbicularis Oris muscles

Buccal:

  • Buccinator
  • Orbicularis Oris
  • Inferior portions of Zygomaticus Major, Lavator Labii Superioris, Levator Anguli Oris, Nasalis & Orbicularis Oris muscles

Mandibular:

  • Depressors
  • Mentalis

Cervical:

  • Platysma
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13
Q

Scalp

A

Skin with hair follicles

Connective tissue with blood vessels

Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis

Loose subaponeurotic connective tissue

Pericranium

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14
Q

What are the three divisions of the Trigeminal nerve?

Where does each division of the trigeminal nerve enter the skull?

What type of innervation do they supply?

What is the role of each division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic - V1 - Supraorbital Fo

Maxiallary - V2 - Infraorbital Fo

Mandibular - V3 - Mental Fo

Sensory innervation but V3 also supply motor

Each division supplies a specific area of skin - a dermatone

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15
Q

Branches of V1 - Ophthalmic division

What do they each supply?

A

Supraorbital & Supratrochlear - Eyes and above

Lacrimal - Lacrimal gland

External Nasal & Infratrochlear - Nose

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16
Q

Branches of V2 - Maxillary Division

A

Infraorbital - Superior Labial & Nasal branches

Zygomaticofacial**: Emerges from Zygomatic fo. & travels down

Zygomaticotemporal**: Emerges from Zygomatic Fo. & travels up

17
Q

Branches of V3 - Mandibular Division

A

Auriculotemporal - Side of the head between TMJ

Long Buccal - under ramus of mandible to Cheek

Mental Nerve - Branch of IAN - Mental Fo.

18
Q
  1. What are the Muscles of Mastication?
  2. Role
  3. Innervation
  4. Common Embryological Origin
A

1.

Masseter

Temporalis

Lateral & Medial Pterygoids

  1. Move the Mandible - attached to it
  2. V3
  3. 1st Pharyngeal Arch
19
Q

Masseter

  1. What type of muscle is it?
  2. Attachments
A
  1. Multipennate

2.

Zygomatic process of zygomatic bone

Zygomatic arch of temportal

Both attached to ramus

20
Q

Temporalis

  1. What type of muscle is it?
  2. What are its attachments?
  3. Function
A
  1. Bipennate
  2. Attachments:
  • Sup head: greater wing of sphenoid
  • Inf: Lat pterygoid plate
  • Both attach to neck of mandible

3. Function: elevates and retracts mandible

21
Q

Parotid Gland

  1. What type of gland is it?
  2. Location?
  3. What encloses it?
  4. Where does it secrete into?
A

Largest Salivary Gland

  1. Serous Gland, not mixed
  2. Between SCM & Ramus Mandible
  3. Enclosed by Parotid Capsule: made up of deep cervical fascia
  4. Mouth via Parotid duct which opens at 2nd Maxillary Molar
22
Q

Boundaries of the Parotid Region

A

​Anterior: Ramus

  • Posterior*: Mastoid and Sternocleidomastoid
  • Superior*: Styloid
  • Inferior*: Posterior Digastric and Stylohyoid
23
Q

What are the contents of the Parotid region?

A
  • Parotid gland & Duct
  • Retromandibular Vein
  • CNVII - Facial Vein
  • External Carotid Artery
24
Q

What structures are intermediate (directly below) the Parotid Region?

A
  • CNIX, X, XI and XII
  • Internal Jugular Vein
  • Internal Carotid Artery
  • Styloid Apparatus
25
Q
  1. Blood Supply to the Face
  2. What branches of from the Common Carotid Artery?
  3. What branch of the Internal Carotid supplies the face?
A
  1. Common Carotid

2.

Internal Carotid Artery - branches in Skull

External Carotid Artery - Branches in neck

  1. Ophthalmic Artery (same branching as ophthalmic nerve)
26
Q

Branches of External Carotid Artery

A

Some Anatomists Love Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

(From neck upwards)

  • Superior thyroid
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Lingual
  • Facial
  • Occipital
  • Posterior auricular
  • Maxillary
  • Superficial temporal (transverse facial branches off across the face)
27
Q

Branches of the Maxillary Artery

A

Inferior Alveolar Artery: Branches to mylohyoid - emerging from Mental Fo. as Mental Artery

Middle Meningeal Artery - Goes upwards over Zygomatic arch

Buccal Artery

Infraorbital Artery

28
Q

Branches of the Facial Artery

A
  • Submental
  • Submandibular
  • Inferior Labial
  • Superior Labial
  • External Nasal
  • Angular Eye
29
Q

Facial Veins

A

(From top to bottom)

  1. Supratrochlear and Supraorbital Veins unite as Angular Vein
  2. Inferiorly travels = Facial Vein
  3. Inferiorly travels to drain into Common Facial Vein into Retromandibular
30
Q

Retromandibular Vein

A

(From upwards to down)

Formed from Superficial Temporal Vein + Maxillary Vein & runs downwards

At mandibular angle the Retromandibular Vein divides into ANT. & POST. divisions

  • Post. Division joins with Post. Auricular Vein = External Jugular Vein
  • Ant. Division joins with Ant.Facial Vein = Common Facial Vein - drawing into Internal Jugular Vein

Anatomy of Head & Neck (12 decks)

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