theme 3.3 Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
Echolalia
A
Repeating another person’s words
2
Q
Echopraxia
A
Repeating another person’s movements
3
Q
Palilalia
A
Repeating one’s own words
4
Q
Coprolalia
A
Uttering foul language
5
Q
Copropraxia
A
Making obscene gestures
6
Q
Schizotypal
A
Personality disorder cluster A; unusual language, clothes and unkempt. Lack of following social conventions. Magical or paranoid thinking
7
Q
Cluster A personalities
A
Eccentric, odd behavior. Introverted and withdrawn from life
Paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid.
8
Q
Cluster B personalities
A
Attracting most attention, dramatic (self-mutilation, suicidal attempts. Problems are always caused by other people. Wait longer to seek therapeutic help.
Histrionic, antisocial, borderline and narcissistic
9
Q
Cluster C personalities
A
Worried by nature, avoidant, dependent or obsessive-compulsive
10
Q
Antisocial
A
AKA psychopaths
11
Q
Schizoid
A
scarce human connection and limited emotion, unmoved by praise or criticism
12
Q
Histrionic
A
uneasy if theyre not center of attention, seductive behaviour, flamboyant,
13
Q
Citalopram
A
SSRI
13
Q
Criteria borderline personality disorder
A
Instability of relations, self image and impulsivity. Recurrent suicidal behavior, emptiness and rage. Often coinciding with other personality disorders
14
Q
Paroxetine
A
SRRI
15
Q
Sertraline
A
SSRI
16
Q
Clomipramine
A
TCA
17
Q
Imipramine
A
TCA
18
Q
What receptors are targeted by benzodiazepines?
A
GABA-receptors
19
Q
chlorpromazine
A
Antipsychotic
20
Q
haloperidol
A
Antipsychotic
21
Q
clozapine
A
Antipsychotic
22
Q
olanzapine
A
Antipsychotic
23
Q
Delusion of reference
A
Pt thinks trivial events are significant personally for them individually
24
Delusion of persecutor
Pt believes harm is going to occur to oneself by persecutor
25
Delusion of influence
Pt believes they have influence on external events by their own thoughts or feelings
26
Nihilistic delusion
Pt believes to be dead, decomposed or annihilated, having lost organs or not existing as a human being
27
Bizarre delusions
Pt believes something that could never be possible in real life
28
Iamtrigine
Used as maintenance tx in bpdII?
29
Mood-congruent delusion
Delusions classified as mood-congruent psychotic symptoms are 'delusions of guilt, worthlessness, bodily disease, or impending disaster', while mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms are characterized by 'persecutory or self-referential delusions and hallucinations without an affective content'
30
Adjustment disorder
Behavioral or emotional problem to recognized stressor (within 3 months, lasting <6 months). Key feature: pt losing control. Not per definition self-limiting. Sx include anxiety and depressive
31
Most common psychological problem encountered first line care?
Adjustment disorders (65%)
32
Tx adjustment disorders
Prevention, stress management, rest (only temporary, not the tx), explore problem and do problem-solving, apply solutions
33
Tx OCD
CBT, serotonergic antidepressants (+ antipsychotics if needed)
able to assess only after 10-12 weeks
70% experience relapse within a year after stopping meds
34
Tx bipolar disorder (acute manic episode)
If applicable, stop antidepressant. If not, mood stabilizer (+ antipsychotic if severe)
if sleep disturbance/agitation, short-term benzodiazepine
ECT if nothing else works/danger
35
Tx bipolar disorder (depressive episode)
Antipsychotic (eg quetiapine), lithium if depression is mild
36
Tx bipolar (maintenance)
mood stabilizir (lithium or valproic acid)
37
Tx bipolar (maintenance)
:(
38
Tx personality disorder
Psychotherapy tx of choice, long-term and intensive
Pharmacological not tx of choice, only used for comorbidity (low-dose antipsychotics for hallucinations, anti-epileptics as mood stabilizers for impulsive behavior/aggression, SSRI for emotional dysregulation, lithium contraindicated)
39
Psychological tx in personality disorders (4)
1. Dialectic behavioral therapy; tx impulsive and destructive behavior
2. Mentalisation-based therapy; tx cognitive-affective inability to reflect on one's own situation
3. Trasnference-focused therapy; outpatient tx for pt self-destructive behavior
4. Schema-focused therapy; targets maladaptive thinking/cognitive schemata
40
What is the primary purpose of medication in treating bipolar disorder type 2?
To stabilize mood and prevent episodes of depression and hypomania.
41
True or False: Antidepressants are commonly used as a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder type 2.
False
42
Fill in the blank: _______ are mood stabilizers often prescribed for bipolar disorder type 2.
Lithium
43
Which class of medications is often used to manage hypomanic episodes in bipolar disorder type 2?
Atypical antipsychotics
44
What is the role of lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar disorder type 2?
It is used as a mood stabilizer to prevent depressive episodes.
45
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT typically used to treat bipolar disorder type 2? A) Valproate B) Fluoxetine C) Quetiapine D) Lurasidone
B) Fluoxetine
46
What is a common side effect of lithium treatment?
Weight gain
47
True or False: Patients with bipolar disorder type 2 should avoid using stimulants and caffeine.
True
48
Short answer: Name one atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of bipolar disorder type 2.
Quetiapine
49
What monitoring is essential for patients taking lithium?
Regular blood tests to monitor lithium levels and kidney function.
50
Factitious disorder
Urge or need to make oneself sick or do health-harm, without external gain (as apposed to malingering)
51
Functional neurological symptom disorder
Disturbing motor and/or sensory changes outside of will or control of pt
52
Health anxiety disorder
Persistent anxiety abt having a disease, leading to excessively visiting GP or avoiding healthcare alltogether
53
Somatic symptom disorder
1 or more somatic symptoms (explained or unexplained), causing distress or disruption of daily life
Excessive thoughts, feelings or behavior related to said symptom (persistent thoughts or anxiety, excessive energy or time devoted to it)
54
What role does Serotonin play in mental health?
Serotonin is associated with depression and anxiety.
55
What mental health condition is Dopamin linked to?
Dopamin is linked to psychosis.
56
What conditions are associated with Noradrenalin?
Noradrenalin is associated with depression and addiction.
57
What mental health issues are linked to GABA and Glutamate?
GABA and Glutamate are linked to depression and suicidality.
58
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Occurs with use of dopaminergic medication; hyperthermia, sweating, EPS, unconciousness, elevated CK, leukocytosis, renal dysfunction; can be fatal
59
Side effect benzo's (6)
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, double vision, confusion and aggression
60
Downers drugs (4)
Alcohol, GHB, heroin, methadon
61
Stimulant drugs (3)
Tobacco, cocain, speed
62
Mind altering drugs (3)
Cannabis, NO, XTC
63
Naltrexone (Narolex)
Can be given to avoid relapse in addiction of opiates
64
Brain regions involved in addiction (3)
Nucleus accumbens (dopamine's released from here), amygdala, ventral tegmental area
65
Pathway involved in reward system
Mesolimbic pathway
66
Pharmacotherapy OCD (4 steps)
1. SSRI
2. Switch SSRI
3. Clomipramine (TCA)
4. SRRI/Clomipramine + antipsychotic
(CBT first choice)
67
Criteria for (hypo)manic episode
Elevated, expansive or irritable mood AND increased activity and energy
Hypomania --> 4 sx, >4 days
Mania --> 5 sx, >7 days
68
Schizophreniform disorder
Schizophrenia bus < 6 months and <1 month of sx
69
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia and mood disorders (depressive/manic sx at the same time as schizophrenia) >2 weeks
70
Brief psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia < 1 month
71
Drugs/meds induced psychotic disorder
Delusion and/or hallucinations developing soon after intoxication or withdrawal (resolving after a few days, otherwise not drugs/med induced)
72
Schizophrenic disorder more common in rural or urban areas?
Urban
73
Prevalence schizophrenic disorders men vs women?
Men > women --> 4 : 1
Age of onset men +- 25 y/o
+- 5 years later in women
74
Treatment psychotic disorders
Antipsychotics. Positive sx easier to treat
typical focused on pos sx by effecting dop. r
neg sx treated more w atypical sx
75
Agranulocytosis
Dangerously low WBC count, if treated with clozapine
76
Contraindications lithium (4)
thyroid issues, low renal function, cardiovascular issues, disease of Addison
77
Contraindications anticonvulsants (2)
Hematological or liver disorders
78
Contraindications carbamazepine (anticonvulsant) (2)
Cardiovascular disorders and blood disorders
79
Contraindications antipsychotics and valproic acid (2)
being overweight, closed glaucoma (alonzapine)
