Theme 4

Question 1

commercial agriculture

Answer 1

the production of food surplus
practiced mainly in MDCs

Question 2

subsistence agriculture

Answer 2

most prevalent in LDCs
the production of food with only enough food to feed the farmer and the farmer’s family, wiht No SURPLUS
in some cases surplus is sold to governemnt

Question 3

Agribusiness

Answer 3

the name of commercial agriculture
the farming is integrated into a large food production industry

Question 4

intensive subsistence

Answer 4

yields large amount of output per acre
still only provides for family, sometimes with a little surplus
East and South Asia with wet or lowland rice growing farms
Also wheat farms
Labor intensive

Question 5

shifting cultivation

Answer 5

“slash and Burn”
mainly rain forest zones
Destroys environments
SUBSISTENT
extensive

Question 6

Interillage

Answer 6

the growing of various types of crops
is common in slash and burn MDC communities
Often in agriculture based villages
Extensive subsistence agriculture

Question 7

Pastural nomadism

Answer 7

the following of herds
similar to hunters and gatherers
sheeps cows goats
Extensive subsistence agriculture

Question 8

Nomadism

Answer 8

Moving frequently from one place to another
Driven by the need for animals to graze new pastures

Question 9

extensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 9

large areas of land and minimal labor per unit

Question 10

intensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 10

smaller plots of land through great amounts of labor

Question 11

commercial agriculture

Answer 11

farmers sell their output for money and buy their families food at stores

Question 12

mixed crops and livestock famring

Answer 12

common form of commercial agriculture
Appalachian mountains
raise animals and livestock and grow crops on same land
crops are fed to animals rather than people

Question 13

crop rotation

Answer 13

fields are planted on a planned cycle
uses nutrients in soil more efficiently by shifting the crop grown in each area

Question 14

cereal grains

Answer 14

oats wheat rye or barley

Question 15

Dairy farming

Answer 15

are located closer to cities because Milk spoils
produce butter, milk and cheese

Question 16

Milk shed

Answer 16

A ring of milk production that surrounds a major city due to the fact that milk spoils fairly quickly

Question 17

Grain Farming

Answer 17

Most prominent in the Us ( winter wheat areas and spring wheat areas.)
uses heavy machinergy to produce grains on a large scale.
planting and harvesting seasons

Question 18

World Bread basket

Answer 18

The praries of North America
Wheat finds its way into the world market and is the most exported crop

Question 19

Livestock ranching

Answer 19

commercialized grazing of livestock over an extensive area.
practiced in Arid or Semi-Arid climates
Livestock raised in Us is sold domestically, but in other places it is sold internationally
extensive?

Question 20

Mediterranean

Answer 20

Not only in mediterranean but also in California( anywhere there is the mediterranean climate)
These places border seas, moisture is provided by sea minds and moderate winters with hot and dry summers
hilly land and mountains
Horticulture forms the commercial base of this
intensive

Question 21

Horticulture

Answer 21

The growing of fruits and vegetables and flowers and tree crops

Question 22

Commercial gardening and Fruit farming

Answer 22

Prominent in the Us’s south east region due to it’s long growing season and humid climate
Also Known as truck farmingapples, asparagus, cherries , lettuce . mushrooms.
sold to be processed or canned
intensive

Question 23

Plantation Farming

Answer 23

speacializes in one or two crops
raised for export to high consumption developed countries
Grows cash Crops
tropical countries
intensive

Question 24

Von Thunen’s model

Answer 24

Four rings that surround market centers or cities:
market gardening and dairy-
closest to town
forest-
in the time this theory was formed trees played a vital role in a town and needed to be second closest due to the bulky weight of trees.
Field crops-
less parishable wheat and other grains
Animal Grazing-
farthest away required lots of space

Question 25

intensive agriculture

Answer 25

for high value perishable crops in the first ring land is subdivided into relatively small units

Question 26

extensive agriculture

Answer 26

far from market land divided into larger units

Question 27

location theory

Answer 27

the modern version of Von Thunen's model the general but logical attempt to explain how an economic activity is related to the land space where goods are produced

Question 28

dispersed settlement pattern

Answer 28

shown through the areas of extensive agricultural practices where machinery makes intensive cultivation over large areas

Question 29

nucleated settlement patterns

Answer 29

rural areas in indonesia villages located quite close together surrounded by small fields people and animals do work most common pattern of agricultural settlement

Question 30

hamlets

Answer 30

when houses in nucleated settlements are in small clusters

Question 31

villages

Answer 31

slightly larger settlements than hamlets in nucleated settlements

Question 32

building materials

Answer 32

wood brick stone wattle

Question 33

round villages

Answer 33

most traditional east africa and europe houses circle around a central corral for animals with fields outside rings of houses

Question 34

walled villages

Answer 34

originated in ancient times to protect villages from attack

Question 35

Grid villages

Answer 35

modern laid out in straight street patterns that run in parallel and perpendicular lines

Question 36

linear villages

Answer 36

modern follow major roads one single thoroughfare lined with houses and businesses and public buildings

Question 37

cluster villages

Answer 37

more than one major road housing clusters around large public buildings like churches temples mosques or livestock corrals or grain bins.

Question 38

primogeniture

Answer 38

the rule that states all property is passed to the eldest son this leads to large land Parcells being tended individually.

Question 39

rectangular survey system

Answer 39

used by the US government to encourage farmers to disperse evenly across farmland the section lines were drawn in grids roads are built along the grid lines

Question 40

metes and bounds

Answer 40

shape rural landscapes where natural features mark irregular parcels of land

Question 41

long lot survey systems

Answer 41

divides land into narrow parcels that extend from rivers, roads or canals gives people more access to transportation used in canada

Question 42

mercantilism

Answer 42

developed by british and dutch benefit mother country

Question 43

industrial agriculture

Answer 43

current stage of commercial agriculture a shift from the farm being the center of production to a position as just one step in a multiphase industrial process

Question 44

specialization

Answer 44

the growing of specialized crops that are most profitable farmers must weigh in in costs of production like machinery, fuels fertilizer and labor and deal with unpredictable weather/ diseases

Question 45

Third agricultural revolution

Answer 45

began in the mid 20th century is still going on in the form of industrial agriculture modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock

Question 46

biotechnology

Answer 46

the genetically altered crops in agriculture and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production. began with hydred rice larger grains shorter growing cycles more resistant to pests

Question 47

Green Revolution

Answer 47

new agricultural techniques like new higher- yield seeds and the expanded use of fertilizers new miracle seeds lead to dramatic productivity increases around the world

Question 48

desertification

Answer 48

the spread of desert like land caused by over grazing of animals and lack of resources

Question 49

impacts of green revolution

Question 50

sustainable agriculture

Answer 50

attempts to integrate plant and animal production practices that will protect the ecosystem over the long term.

Question 51

expansion of agricultural land

Answer 51

increasing food production clear and plow more land for planting. 18th and early 189th century population growth

Question 52

second agricultural revolution

Answer 52

resulted in mechanization of agricultural production, advances in transportation, development of large-scale irrigation, and changes to consumption patterns of agricultural goods.

Question 53

Wheat was first domesticated in the Yellow River valley