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History RUSSIA > Theme 4 > Flashcards

Theme 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How did Lenin focus more on eradicating the bourgeoisie rather than giving everyone social security in war communism ?

A 
Rationing - working class got more than bourgeoise classes. 
Aristocrats received 25% of working class
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2
Q

What did Lenin do in the war with labour ?

What was the fallout of this in terms of unemployment ?

A

All able bodied men 15-50 forced conscription.
After the fallout of war conscription
1921. 5.5% unemployed
1925 18% unemployed

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3
Q

What did Lenin do with housing in NEP

A

NEP - 60-80% housing denationalised

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4
Q

What were the labour exchanges under Lenin ?

How effective were these ?

A

Modern day job centres

People didn’t join in fear of being put in a bad job

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5
Q

What was Arteli and how did it contribute to lack of social security under Lenin ?

A

Workers paid as a group -

Inefficient direct pay

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6
Q

What did Stalin claim
About employment ?
Stats ?

A

Claimed full employment had been reached

Indeed , 11million - 27 million unemployed 1928-1937

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7
Q

How did Stalin enforce productivity ?

A

Military style discipline - lateness criminalised

Stakhanovite movement

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8
Q

Failures of housing under Stalin ? (3)

How was this an effect of his heavy focus on industrialisation ?

A

Magnitogorsk - increased 25-250,000 people under first five year plan’s rapid industrialisation. However housing was not prioritised with people building make shift huts for housing

KOMMUNALKA - tiny housing shrinks from 5.5 square metres to 4 square metres

War - focus on industry left lack of housing worth 1 basin per 70 people

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9
Q

Medical security under Stalin ?

A

Doctors increase by two thirds

Infant mortality decreases by 50%

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10
Q

Despite full employment claims, how did employment under Stalin fail in terms of social security ?

A

Gulag population increased 1.5 million to 2.5 million which increased the use of slave labour

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11
Q

What did Khrushchev say about social security ? What did this mean?

A

WHAT SORT OF COMMUNISM IS IT THAT CANNOT PRODUCE SAUSAGE ?

  • meaning communism was impossible without food and consumer goods
    Especially after removing the ‘stick’ method with socialist legality.
    Khrushchev needed therefore a lot of ‘carrot’ or in his case, sausage.
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12
Q

What did Khrushchev do with consumer goods ?

A

Increased investment 60%

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13
Q

What did Khrushchev do with healthcare budget?

A

Doubled it

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14
Q

What did Khrushchev do with the pensions budget ?

How was this still limited ?

A

Budget quadrupled

However the 40 roubles a month was still arguably insufficient

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15
Q

Which leader introduced the minimum wage and when?

Compared to Britain ?

A

1956 - Khrushchev

U.K. - 1997

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16
Q

What did Khrushchev do with housing ?

How was this limited ?

A

Housing more than doubled under Khrushchev .
He invested in housing with lots of low funded buildings giving families whole apartments compared to Stalin’s 4 metres squared !
This was called
KHRUSCHYOVKA

However these did not look appealing and were criticised as ‘Khrushchev slums’
However something better than nothing ???

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17
Q

What was the social contract and who introduced it ?

What was the result ?

A

Introduced by brezhnev
Guaranteed employment

Led to 20% hidden unemployment as lack of incentive

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18
Q

What was healthcare like under brezhnev in rural areas ?

A

As late as 1988, some hospitals had no heating or water

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19
Q

Star on brezhnev and consumer goods ?

A

1980 - 85% of families had a television

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20
Q

Productivity under brezhnev compared to the USA ?

A

25% of ussr on farms compared to 5% in the USA.

USA farms 6X more productive

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21
Q

Who was Alexandra Kollontai ?

A

First European woman in government under Lenin

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22
Q

How did Lenin improve the lives of women in politics ? 2

A

Zhenotdel created - women’s branch of Central committee

Kollontai - first european woman in government

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23
Q

Evidence of Lenin being inconsistent with women in politics

A

Kollontai’s idea of ‘free love’ where women would be liberated when the traditional idea of family ‘withered away’
Lenin said this was too radical
Kollonatai removed from government 1923

Only 10% of the party were women

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24
Q

What social changes did Lenin bring about to benefit women ?

A

Abortion legalised
Contraception legalised
Lesbianism is legal

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25
Q

What did Lenin do with women in the war ?

How was this limited ?

A

70,000 low rank women in the war

Are removed after the war

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26
Q

In the 1920s, how many urban men used prostitutes ?

A

39%

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27
Q

What did Lenin do with marriage ?

What adverse effect did this have ?

A

Made it easier to divorce

This led to 70% marriages ended by men and them not supporting their children

28
Q

What did Stalin do with women in politics in 1930 ?

A

Abolished zhenotdel claiming equality had been achieved

29
Q

What was the involved in Stalin’s infamous great retreat ? 1936 (4)

A

Abortion illegal
Lesbianism pathologised
Non marital sex stigmatised
Harder to get divorces -1944 laws tighten

30
Q

Women in the war under Stalin ?

How was this limited ?

A

800,000 women in the war
E.g. Night witches - praised in propaganda

However women removed from army soon after war ends

31
Q

How many women made up the party under Stalin compared to Lenin ?

A

10% Lenin

12% Stalin

32
Q

How much did women spend doing chores compared to men under Stalin and brezhnev ?

A

Stalin - 5 times as long

Brezhnev - 2 times as long

33
Q

When was Eisenstein’s October ?

How did it depict women ?

A

1928

Mocked women’s battalion fighting the Bolsheviks

34
Q

What percentage of women compared to men were in the workforce under Khrushchev ?

A

49% women

35
Q

How did Khrushchev respond to Stalin’s great retreat whilst in power ?

A

Reversed most of it

Abortion legalised again

36
Q

Who was the first woman in the politburo ?

Under which leader ?

A

Furtseva

Khrushchev

37
Q

Who was the first woman in space ?
When?
Under which leader ?

A

Tereshkova
1963
Khrushchev

38
Q

How did Khrushchev increase women’s roles in the party? (2)

A

Increased women in central committee to 26% from 20%

Furtseva

39
Q

How did Khrushchev’s increase in consumer goods tailor to women?

A

Growth of women’s magazines

40
Q

Benefits for urban women under brezhnev VS limitations for rural women ?

A

1985

70% urban doctors were women

72% of lowest paid farmers were women

41
Q

Which feminist group was suppressed by brezhnev ?

A

LOTOS -1983

Female academics and teachers

42
Q

How did brezhnev regard women ?

A

Responsible for drug and alcohol addiction and breakups

43
Q

How were women depicted in Khrushchev’s work propaganda ?

Pros and cons ?

A

“Your caring hands are needed everywhere”

  • pros - appealing to g r women to work
  • cons - stigmatises women into a certain category of abilities
44
Q

What percentage of the population was literate in 1914?

A

32%

45
Q

What can be said about lenin’s educational policy ?

A

Set high aspirational targets but lacked resources to implement them until the 1950s

Set groundwork for progress

46
Q

What did Lenin state in his 1918 decree ?
What was the reality of this ?
Why?

A

Free compulsory education 8-17
Free breakfast and medical for school children

Reality -
Free compulsory education not until 1950s
Schools couldn’t afford meals / medical checks

Why?
Civil war
NEP - schools closed to save money (halve in first 18 months)

47
Q

How did Stalin improve primary and secondary education drastically ?

A

95% attend primary school

100% attend secondary school (8-12)

48
Q

By what percentage did universities increase under Stalin

A

800%

49
Q

How did Stalin lay the groundwork for the new elite to prosper with education ?

A

Party and trade union opened scholarships but were mainly reserved for children of the nomenklatura

50
Q

How did the great retreat contribute to education under Stalin?

A

Exams and traditional teaching authority brought back

51
Q

How did the Great War limit university students ?

A

Amount of students attending university decreases by over a third

52
Q

How did Khrushchev make more progress in secondary education attendance than brezhnev?

A

75% complete under Khrushchev

60% under brezhnev

53
Q

How did Khrushchev reform education?

A

Vocational training available for 16-19 year olds

Schools offer 11 years rather than 10

54
Q

What did brezhnev do to Khrushchev’s educational changes ?

A

Reversed them
11 years back to 10
Reversed vocational training

55
Q

Brezhnev uni statistics ?

A

18
Unis created
5 million students

56
Q

What happened with the teaching of lysenkoism ?

A

If you disagreed , gulag

57
Q

Who said “EDUCATION IS A WEAPON”

A

Stalin

58
Q

How did Stalin use education as a weapon?

A

Edits history of communist party to indoctrinate students into believing him to be a hero

Marxist teaching compulsory in schools
- required chapter at PhD level about how it proved Marx was right

59
Q

Why did students have to learn about peter the great under Stalin?

A

He wanted to be compared to him

60
Q

How did brezhnev use education as a weapon ?

A

Stalin’s crimes ignored

61
Q

What was Russification ?

A

Promotion of Russian identity in schools

62
Q

What were the three youth organisations for budding young commies ?

A

Octobrists 5-9
Pioneers 10-14
Komsomol 14-28

63
Q

Which prominent commie was involved in the youth organisations

A

Lenin’s wife

Syphallitic whore

64
Q

What did the pioneers have to do ?

A

Promise to follow the teachings of Lenin

65
Q

What did the komsomol have to do ?

A

Whilstle at actors under Stalin

Act as spies reporting all anti communist activities

66
Q

How did brezhnev use the Komsomol

A

To weed the community

67
Q

Why did you have to be in all 3 youth organisations ?

A

To get a job in the party

History RUSSIA (5 decks)

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