THEME 8

Question 1

What is a consonant sound?

Answer 1

A consonant sound is produced with a total or partial occlusion of the air flow when passing through the Articulator and the Point of Articulation in the mouth cavity.

Question 2

What aspect is considered when referring to consonant production?

Answer 2

Voicing

Question 3

Define voicing in consonants.

Answer 3

Voicing refers to whether the vocal cords vibrate when the air passes through them.

Question 4

List the voiced consonants in English.

Answer 4

• /b*
• /d*
• /g*
• /v*
• /z*
• /ʒ*
• /ð*
• /ʝ*
• /dʒ*
• /m*
• /n*
• /ŋ*
• /l*
• /ɹ*
• /j*
• /w*

Question 5

List the voiceless consonants in English.

Answer 5

• /p*
• /t*
• /k*
• /f*
• /s*
• /ʃ*
• /θ*
• /h*
• /tʃ*

Question 6

List the voiced consonants in Spanish.

Answer 6

• /b*
• /d*
• /g*
• /ʝ*
• /m*
• /n*
• /ɲ*
• /l*
• /ʎ*
• /ɾ*
• /r*
• /j*
• /w*

Question 7

List the voiceless consonants in Spanish.

Answer 7

• /p*
• /t*
• /k*
• /f*
• /s*
• /tʃ*
• /x*

Question 8

What is an articulator?

Answer 8

The organs that move and reach a certain section of the palate to produce sounds.

Question 9

Define the point of articulation.

Answer 9

The location at which the complete or partial stoppage of the air is effected.

Question 10

What is meant by ‘cavity’ in phonetics?

Answer 10

The area where the air flow goes by, which might be the mouth or the nasal cavity.

Question 11

What are the manners of articulation?

Answer 11

Stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, laterals, R-sounds, and approximants (glides).

Question 12

What are the stop consonants in both Spanish and English?

Answer 12

• /p*
• /b*
• /t*
• /d*
• /k*
• /g*

Question 13

What is the difference in the number of fricative sounds between English and Spanish?

Answer 13

English has ten fricative phonemes while Spanish has just four.

Question 14

What is an allophone?

Answer 14

Variations of a phoneme that do not change the meaning of a word.

Question 15

Provide an example of allophones in English.

Answer 15

/p/ in ‘pat’ (aspirated) and ‘spot’ (unaspirated)

Question 16

What is a diacritic?

Answer 16

An extra mark used with phonetic symbols to indicate specific phonetic characteristics.

Question 17

What does the tilde (~) indicate in phonetics?

Answer 17

Nasalization of a vowel.

Question 18

What is the purpose of the small vertical line in front of a syllable in IPA?

Answer 18

Indicates primary stress.

Question 19

True or False: The nasal cavity plays a significant role in most consonant sounds.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The primary role of the nasal cavity is to add _______.

Answer 20

[resonance]

Question 21

What are the voiced and voiceless consonants in English?

Answer 21

Voiced: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /ð/, /ʝ/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /ɹ/, /j/, /w/.
Voiceless: /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /θ/, /h/, /tʃ/.

Question 22

List the fricative consonants in English.

Answer 22

• /f*
• /v*
• /s*
• /z*
• /ʃ*
• /ʒ*
• /θ*
• /ð*
• /h*
• /ʝ*

Question 23

What type of consonants are represented by /tʃ/ and /dʒ/?

Answer 23

Affricates

Question 24

What are the characteristics of aspirated sounds in English?

Answer 24

They are accompanied by a strong burst of air.

Question 25

What is voicing in relation to consonants?

Answer 25

Voicing refers to whether the vocal cords vibrate during the production of a consonant.

Question 26

When is a consonant considered voiced?

Answer 26

A consonant is voiced when the air coming out from lungs goes by vocal cords and they vibrate.

Question 27

When is a consonant considered voiceless?

Answer 27

A consonant is voiceless when the air does not go out from lungs and does not go by vocal cords.

Question 28

How many voiced consonants does English have?

Answer 28

English has 13 voiced consonants.

Question 29

How many voiceless consonants does English have?

Answer 29

English has 7 voiceless consonants.

Question 30

How many voiced consonants does Spanish have?

Answer 30

Spanish has 13 voiced consonants.

Question 31

How many voiceless consonants does Spanish have?

Answer 31

Spanish has 7 voiceless consonants.

Question 32

What is an articulator?

Answer 32

The organs that move and reach a certain section of the palate are considered to be the articulators.

Question 33

Which organs are considered articulators?

Answer 33

The upper lip, the lower jaw, and mainly the tongue.

Question 34

What is considered a point of articulation?

Answer 34

The point of articulation is the place of maximum constriction in the mouth or upper throat.

Question 35

What are examples of points of articulation?

Answer 35

The point of articulation might be teeth, upper lip, and any section of the palate.

Question 36

What is a cavity in phonetics?

Answer 36

A cavity refers to the area where the airflow goes by, such as the mouth or the nasal cavity.

Question 37

How are sounds classified according to the manner of airflow?

Answer 37

Sounds are classified as stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, laterals, R-sounds, and approximants (glides).

Question 38

What is an allophone?

Answer 38

Allophones are variations of consonant sounds which depend on dialects, phonetic conditions, or distribution.

Question 39

What is a diacritic?

Answer 39

A diacritic is an extra mark used with the phonetic symbol.

Question 40

What is a dialect?

Answer 40

A dialect is a variation of an individual language due to geographical boundaries or social status.