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Citizenship Paper 1 > Theme B > Flashcards

Theme B Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Negatives of uncodified constitution

A

Difficult for judges to make a decision on what is a constitutional issue and what isn’t
Weaker protection of laws

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2
Q

Positives of uncodified constitution

A

Ability to make emergency laws ( such as covid laws)
Easy to change laws to fit modern day governance

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3
Q

The UK is apart of the only 5 countries to have an uncodified constitution
True or false

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What is an uncodified constitution

A

A constitution that is not contained in one written document but is a collection of several laws, conventions and historical documents ,

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5
Q

What is a constitution

A

The set of rules that determine how a country is governed

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6
Q

SNP MANIFESTO

A

Promote scottish independance
Protect and improve public services
Invest in clean energy

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7
Q

Lib Dem

A

Free private healthcare
Lower the voting age to 16
Seek to rejoin the European single market

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8
Q

Conservative manifesto

A

Reduce tax for workers, self employed and pensioners
Promise not to raise coporate tax
Provide more parents with free childcare

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9
Q

Labour manifesto

A

To reduce NHS waiting times
Tax private schools to fund public schools
Invest in clean energy

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10
Q

How are laws made

A

Idea is suggested
First reading- bill is introduced to House of Commons
Second reading - MP vote on bill
Comitee stage -some mps look at the bill and make amendment
Third reading- improved bill is read out and voted on again
House of Lords- the House of Lords then vote on the bill
Royal assent - the king gives formal approval

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11
Q

What does the black rod do

A

Lead ceremonial duties - state opening of parliament
Head of security at parliament

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12
Q

What is the role of members of parliament

A

Represent constituencies
Scrutinise the government
Raise issues
Make laws

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13
Q

What is the role of the prime minister

A

Leads government
Appoints ministers
Decides what the government should focus on the most (health, education)

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14
Q

Name three offices in parliament

A

Chancellor of exchequer
Home Secretary
Ministry of defence

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15
Q

Name three political rights

A

The right to vote
The right to freedom speech
The right to a secret ballot

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16
Q

what is the UDHR? When was it made and what’s its purpose

A

Universal declaration on human rights
It was made in 1948 buy the UN
Sets out basic human rights

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17
Q

what is the ECHR? When was it made and what’s its purpose

A

The European convention of human rights
1953
Set up by council of Europe and it establishes basic human rights for europe
Set up the European court of human rights

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18
Q

what is the UN convention on the rights of the child? When was it made and what’s its purpose

A

1989
Basic fundamental rights specific to children

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19
Q

What is the role of the local government

A

Deal with local issues such as roads, parking , waste collection

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20
Q

The role of devolved government

A

They are elected by the nationals of the countries and they have power over most matters such as education healthcare crime and punishment

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21
Q

Who can stand for election

A

Over 18 years of age
No criminal record
A British, Irish or commonwealth citizen

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22
Q

What must each election candidate pay

A

£500 if you get less than 5% of votes you lose your deposit

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23
Q

Who can vote

A

Must be 18
Registered to vote
You must be a resident at a uk address

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24
Q

What is voter turnout

A

The he number of people who do vote

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25
Factors affecting turnout
The weather on election day The date of election Voter apathy - the amount of voters interested How close the two parties are to winning/ if percentages are close more people vote to make a party win
26
Should we reduce to voting age to 16
For: ⭐️Young people are affected by desicions ⭐️Some young people pay taxes such as income tax and national insurance ⭐️It would encourage young people to be engaged in politics Against: There are many things which cannot be done at 16 Young people have less life experience Young people do not always have the maturity
27
How are government funds raised
Taxation- national income tax, VAT, corporation tax
28
How is tax spent
On sectors such as Education Health Social security and welfare Interest payments Public order and safety Defense
29
Positives of first past the post
Strong stable governments formed Simple and easy to understand Each MP is linked to their constituents
30
Disadvantages of first past the post
Smaller parties tend to win less Millions of votes wont count elections can be won by less than 50%
31
Name three jobs the prime minister has to do
Manage the cabinet Direct government policy Provide national leadership
32
What is the cabinet
A group of senior government ministers chosen by the prime minister Eg: Chancellor of the Exchequer Home Secretary Foreign secretary
33
What does the judiciary do
It’s made of up judges who enforce the law
34
What is legislature
the legislature is the two houses and they create laws
35
What is the government made up of
All the important ministers such as home office, treasury and ministry of defence
36
What are hustings
A candidate in an election gives a speech to convince voters to vote for them
37
What is canvassing
People persuade others to vote for a certain party
39
How is the front bench different to the back bench
The front bench are loyal to the prime minister in return for power(extra pay, armed security and a free car) The back bench are more loyal to the people they represent, they will openly critique the prime minister if they do something wrong, even though the prime minister is in their party
40
What does the Home Secretary do
They are in charge of uk security For example immigration and visas, crime and policing, identity and passports
41
What does the foreign secretary do
The foreign secretary is a representative of the UK to the rest of the world They talk to leaders and diplomats from other countries to discuss things such as trade deals
42
Why is the deputy prime minister needed
If anything happens to the PM which causes them to be unable to work the deputy PM will be their temporary substitute For example when Boris got Covid the deputy PM took over
43
What is income tax
Tax on what you earn
44
What is VAT
Tax on products you purchase
45
What are exercise duties
Taxes of things that are bad for your health For example alcohol and cigarettes
46
What are select committees
They are small groups of MPs in the Uk parliament who investiagate and scrutinise areas of government work They examine how government departments are run Questions ministers or even the prime minister They make reports and recommend ways to improve policies
47
What’s an example of direct democracy
Referendums
48
49
What is the shadow cabinet
The shadow cabinet is made up of the ministers from the main opposition party. their job is to scrutinise government policies , challenge decisions and present alternatives
50
What is the UN
The Un is an international organisation that was created shortly after the end of World War One to promote peace and prevent future violence
51
Positives of the Un
Provides humanitarian aid Promotes international peace and security Upholds human rights through organisations like UNICEF
52
Negatives of UN
Security council gives to much po er to 5 countries( veto) Peacekeeping missions can be slow to act or under ressourced There are human right violations in member states- lack of inforcement
53
What is NATO
An orgranisation that provides military security for member states
54
Positives of nato
Deters threats Offers collective security Promotes military co operation
55
Negatives of NATO
Can provoke tensions / start world war Not all members contribute equally ( reliance on US) Expensive to maintain military commitment
56
What is Commonwealth
57
Positives of the commonwealth
Encourages cultural ties and democratic development Supports economic development Offers smaller nations a platform for their voices to be heard
58
Negatives of the commonwealth
Controversial as some people believe it’s a way for the UK to clear their conscious without taking proper responsibility Not always relevant to global political or economic issues Members can’t be forced to uphold human rights
59
What is the EU
A political and economic union of European countries
60
Positives of the EU
Promotes economic co operation- free trade, no tarrifs Freedom of movement Influences change for global issues such as climate change and more
61
Negatives of the EU
Loss of sovereignty- Uk laws had to align with EU rules Unequal migration impact Uk had to pay an expensive membership fee
62
Positives of COE
Promoted human rights - It created the ECHR - European convention on human rights Individuals can take their governments to court if they feel their right has been violated Includes non EU countries like turkey
63
What is the COE
the council of Europe is a separate organisation from the EU which focuses on promoting democracy, human rights and the rule of law
64
Negatives of COE
The court and organisation as a whole can be slow to act Some countries ignore rulings from the European court of human rights Limited enforcement power- can’t force countries to change rulings
65
2 trade uinions
UNISON- healthcare NEU- national education union
66
What does the WTO do
Deal with trade disputes
67
Negatives of WTO
Not legally binding Bigger countries get better tariffs
68
Positives of WTO
Resolves disputes peacefully Encourages fair competition
69
What’s the ICC a positive and negative
ICC- deals with the worlds worst crime Positive- gives people punishment Negative- only if your country has signed up you can be sent there
70
What’s ICJ
Resolves disputes against EU countries

Citizenship Paper 1 (3 decks)

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