Theme C Flashcards
(115 cards)
What are the 4 different types of punishment?
Deterrence. Rehabilitation. Retribution. Restitution (putting things right for victim and society)
What is the law?
Set of rules which people in society must follow without exception.
What are 3 roles of the law?
- It sets out what actions are acceptable and not allowed. 2. It keeps order in society by providing a common understanding of the consequences of breaking the law. 3. It ensures fairness so everyone feels that the outcomes are what they deserve.
What are 3 examples of how law affects everyday life?
- Must study maths and English until 16. 2. Must not work full time if under 16. 3. Must be over 18 to buy alcohol or cigarettes.
Why do we need laws in society? (5)
- To protect the public. 2. To settle disputes. 3. To ensure fair treatment. 4. To change behaviour. 5. To respond to new or changing situations.
Why does the law need to protect the public and what are some examples?
Everyone has the right to be safe. They need to be protected from assault; injury; burglary and homicide. They also need to be protected in schools; homes; at work and in the community.
What are some examples of how law settles disputes? (3)
- Marriages breaking down. 2. Company disagreements about contracts. 3. Neighbours disrupting land boundaries.
How does the law ensure fair treatment? (2)
- Human Rights Act 1998. 2. 2010 Equality Act. Both prevent discrimination and ensure everyone has equal opportunities.
What are 3 ways that the law can change behaviour?
- Deterrence through punishments like prison. 2. Retribution such as community service. 3. Rehabilitation e.g. through education; training or therapy.
What are 4 examples of the law responding to new or changing situations?
- Terrorism. 2. Scientific discoveries e.g. preventing embryos to be tested on after 14 days. 3. New technologies and people’s right to privacy e.g. Facebook harvesting customers’ data. 4. Changes in values such as the Marriage (same sex) Act 2013.
What can you legally do at 13?
Working part time with restrictions.
What can you legally do at 16 years old? (4)
- Work full time with restrictions. 2. Join the army with parental permission. 3. Join the navy with restrictions. 4. Consent
What can you legally do at 17?
Drive
What can you legally do at 18? (3)
- Get married. 2. Join army without parental permission. 3. Work full time without restrictions.
Why are the ages to become legally responsible (e.g. working) these ages?
It protects children from exploitation and many people believe they are responsible enough.
What is the age of responsibility in England and Wales?
10
What is the age of responsibility in Scotland?
8
Why might people support lowering the voting age to 16?
They can serve their country in the army and navy but can’t marry? They also voted in the Scottish Referendum in 2014 and it was a success.
What are some basic rights which the law must protect?
- The right to life. 2. The right to freedom of expression. 3. The right to a fair and free trial.
What are the 3 main points of the rule of law?
- All citizens must obey the law. 2. The law must protect citizens from the abuse of power by their rulers. 3. It ensures all citizens are accountable for their actions and are punished when needed.
Where does the preumption off innocence come from?
The Magna Carta
What does the presumption of innocence mean?
The accused is considered innocent until proven guilty by the prosecution beyond a reasonable doubt.
What rights does the rule of law give us?
- To have a fair and public hearing with impartial juries and judges. 2. To prepare a defence. 3. For judgements to be made public. 4. To appeal a decision all the way up the highest court.
What are 2 rights for access to justice?
- No one should suffer a miscarriage of justice or face unfair treatment due to social characteristics. 2. A defendant has a right to a defence and will be appointed one if they cannot afford one.